different organizational structure essay

Purdue Online Writing Lab College of Liberal Arts

Organization and Structure

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There is no single organizational pattern that works well for all writing across all disciplines; rather, organization depends on what you’re writing, who you’re writing it for, and where your writing will be read. In order to communicate your ideas, you’ll need to use a logical and consistent organizational structure in all of your writing. We can think about organization at the global level (your entire paper or project) as well as at the local level (a chapter, section, or paragraph). For an American academic situation, this means that at all times, the goal of revising for organization and structure is to consciously design your writing projects to make them easy for readers to understand. In this context, you as the writer are always responsible for the reader's ability to understand your work; in other words, American academic writing is writer-responsible. A good goal is to make your writing accessible and comprehensible to someone who just reads sections of your writing rather than the entire piece. This handout provides strategies for revising your writing to help meet this goal.

Note that this resource focuses on writing for an American academic setting, specifically for graduate students. American academic writing is of course not the only standard for academic writing, and researchers around the globe will have different expectations for organization and structure. The OWL has some more resources about writing for American and international audiences here .

Whole-Essay Structure

While organization varies across and within disciplines, usually based on the genre, publication venue, and other rhetorical considerations of the writing, a great deal of academic writing can be described by the acronym IMRAD (or IMRaD): Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion. This structure is common across most of the sciences and is often used in the humanities for empirical research. This structure doesn't serve every purpose (for instance, it may be difficult to follow IMRAD in a proposal for a future study or in more exploratory writing in the humanities), and it is often tweaked or changed to fit a particular situation. Still, its wide use as a base for a great deal of scholarly writing makes it worthwhile to break down here.

• Introduction : What is the purpose of the study? What were the research questions? What necessary background information should the reader understand to help contextualize the study? (Some disciplines include their literature review section as part of the introduction; some give the literature review its own heading on the same level as the other sections, i.e., ILMRAD.) Some writers use the CARS model to help craft their introductions more effectively.
• Methods: What methods did the researchers use? How was the study conducted? If the study included participants, who were they, and how were they selected?
• Results : This section lists the data. What did the researchers find as a result of their experiments (or, if the research is not experimental, what did the researchers learn from the study)? How were the research questions answered?
• Discussion : This section places the data within the larger conversation of the field. What might the results mean? Do these results agree or disagree with other literature cited? What should researchers do in the future?

Depending on your discipline, this may be exactly the structure you should use in your writing; or, it may be a base that you can see under the surface of published pieces in your field, which then diverge from the IMRAD structure to meet the expectations of other scholars in the field. However, you should always check to see what's expected of you in a given situation; this might mean talking to the professor for your class, looking at a journal's submission guidelines, reading your field's style manual, examining published examples, or asking a trusted mentor. Every field is a little different.

Outlining & Reverse Outlining

One of the most effective ways to get your ideas organized is to write an outline. A traditional outline comes as the pre-writing or drafting stage of the writing process. As you make your outline, think about all of the concepts, topics, and ideas you will need to include in order to accomplish your goal for the piece of writing. This may also include important citations and key terms. Write down each of these, and then consider what information readers will need to know in order for each point to make sense. Try to arrange your ideas in a way that logically progresses, building from one key idea or point to the next.

Questions for Writing Outlines

• What are the main points I am trying to make in this piece of writing?
• What background information will my readers need to understand each point? What will novice readers vs. experienced readers need to know?
• In what order do I want to present my ideas? Most important to least important, or least important to most important? Chronologically? Most complex to least complex? According to categories? Another order?

Reverse outlining comes at the drafting or revision stage of the writing process. After you have a complete draft of your project (or a section of your project), work alone or with a partner to read your project with the goal of understanding the main points you have made and the relationship of these points to one another. The OWL has another resource about reverse outlining here.

Questions for Writing Reverse Outlines

• What topics are covered in this piece of writing?
• In what order are the ideas presented? Is this order logical for both novice and experienced readers?
• Is adequate background information provided for each point, making it easy to understand how one idea leads to the next?
• What other points might the author include to further develop the writing project?

Organizing at the sentence and paragraph level

Signposting.

Signposting is the practice of using language specifically designed to help orient readers of your text. We call it signposting because this practice is like leaving road signs for a driver — it tells your reader where to go and what to expect up ahead. Signposting includes the use of transitional words and phrasing, and they may be explicit or more subtle. For example, an explicit signpost might say:

This section will cover Topic A­­ and Topic B­­­­­.

A more subtle signpost might look like this:

It's important to consider the impact of Topic A­­ and Topic B­­­­­.

The style of signpost you use will depend on the genre of your paper, the discipline in which you are writing, and your or your readers’ personal preferences. Regardless of the style of signpost you select, it’s important to include signposts regularly. They occur most frequently at the beginnings and endings of sections of your paper. It is often helpful to include signposts at mid-points in your project in order to remind readers of where you are in your argument.

Questions for Identifying and Evaluating Signposts

• How and where does the author include a phrase, sentence, or short group of sentences that explains the purpose and contents of the paper?
• How does each section of the paper provide a brief summary of what was covered earlier in the paper?
• How does each section of the paper explain what will be covered in that section?
• How does the author use transitional words and phrases to guide readers through ideas (e.g. however, in addition, similarly, nevertheless, another, while, because, first, second, next, then etc.)?

WORKS CONSULTED

Clark, I. (2006). Writing the successful thesis and dissertation: Entering the conversation . Prentice Hall Press.

Davis, M., Davis, K. J., & Dunagan, M. (2012). Scientific papers and presentations . Academic press.

Top 9 Writing Organizational Patterns

If you are interested in learning about writing organizational patterns, here are some of the top patterns below that are perfect for your next writing project. 

Regardless of whether you are an avid reader or an avid writer, there are numerous patterns of organization that you may spot in writing. Different organizational patterns are helpful in different types of writing, so the proper organizational structure in one piece of writing might not be the same as the correct organizational pattern and another essay.

What are some top writing organizational patterns you may want to incorporate in your work?

1. Sequential Patterns

2. chronological patterns, 3. pros and cons, 4. spatial patterns, 5. compare and contrast patterns, 6. cause-effect patterns, 7. a topical pattern, 8. a problem and solution pattern, 9. a classification pattern.

Sequential patterns are among the most basic of all organizational writing patterns. Essentially, the author takes some information and arranges it in a process. Each section of the writing represents the main step someone has to follow. It is broken up in this way to make it easier for the reader to follow along.

For example, the writer might create an essay describing to someone how to boil water. Then, the writer will break it up into multiple steps. Some of the steps might be as follows:

• Step 1: Get a pot that is large enough to hold water.
• Step 2: Fill the pot with water from the sink.
• Step 3: Place the pot on the stove.
• Step 4: Turn the stove on by igniting it or turning on the electric burner.
• Step 5: Wait until the water begins to bubble. 

Keep in mind that the steps might be much longer than this if the topic is more involved. This is just a basic example of how a writer might use a sequential pattern to describe to someone else how to boil water, painting a mental picture.

One of the most popular patterns you may spot in writing is chronological order. This is relatively straightforward. It is an organization of important events or ideas scattered across time. In general, chronological patterns move forward in history, but there might also be situations where they move backward. Typically, the writer will devote a chapter, a section, or a paragraph to a particular moment in time. Then, the writer will move forward, using transitions from event to event, going down the time order.

For example, the author might want to create a timeline of all the wars in which the United States has been involved. The author may start with the American Revolutionary War, which started in the 1700s. Then, the writer may move forward, covering wars in the 19th century next. This might include the War of 1812, the Mexican-American War, the American Civil War, and the Spanish-American war. Finally, the writer may discuss wars of the 20th century, including World War 1, World War 2, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and the Persian Gulf War. This is one of the most straightforward patterns to understand because the author moves forward in time with each event. 

A list of advantages-disadvantages is a typical organizational pattern that a writer will use, mainly when discussing multiple topics that fall under the same category. The idea is that it makes it easy for readers to follow along as multiple topics are being laid out under the same category. In addition, by looking at each option’s benefits and drawbacks, it is easier for readers to figure out what is right for them.

For example, the writer might be talking about different investment vehicles. Each investment vehicle has its benefits and drawbacks. As an example of how this essay might be laid out, the writer might use the following:

• Stocks: The writer will discuss the pros and cons of investing in individual stocks, using a list of pros and cons.
• Mutual Funds: The writer will use a list to discuss the pros and cons of investing in mutual funds.
• Bonds: The writer will talk about the pros and cons of investing in bonds, with another list of pros and cons.

This organizational pattern makes it easy for the reader to identify the essential points from each category.

Another typical pattern that a writer might use is called a spatial pattern. A spatial pattern is an essay or catalog of different events, people, or existing buildings and specific geographic patterns. Essentially, the writer will use this pattern to paint a mental image for the reader, making it easier for them to figure out how certain areas are laid out. 

For example, if a writer uses a spatial pattern to describe Europe, they might dedicate a section of the essay to different regions. This might include Eastern Europe, which is on the edge of Russia; Central Europe, which might include areas such as Austria and Italy; and Western Europe, which could include France and Spain. The writer might also include Scandinavia, which includes Norway, Sweden, and Finland.

For example, a writer could also use a spatial pattern to divide New York City, making it easier for the reader to understand how the city has been laid out. The writer might break up the essay with a different section focusing on each borough. It might include:

• Manhattan: A description of all of the important points of interest in Manhattan.
• Brooklyn: A description of all the important points of interest in Brooklyn.
• The Bronx: A description of all the important points of interest in The Bronx.
• Harlem: A description of all the important points of interest in Harlem.
• Staten Island: A description of all the important points of interest in Staten Island.

Within each section, the writer might talk about smaller areas, such as the West Side, the Lower East Side, Chinatown, and Little Italy. 

The next popular pattern that a writer might use is called a compare and contrast pattern. As the name suggests, the author will compare and contrast two different topics in multiple ways. For example, if the writer is crafting an essay on sports, then the writer might talk about how the New York Mets and the New York Yankees are different, even though both of them play Major League Baseball. Or, the writer might take a broader view and talk about how the major leagues are different than the minor leagues.

As one specific example, the writer might want to talk about how educational programs are different between community colleges and four-year colleges. Some of the sections of this essay might include:

• Tuition Expenses: The writer will discuss how the cost of traditional college and community college vary.
• Housing: The writer might also discuss how housing situations vary between traditional colleges and community colleges. 
• Variety of Educational Programs: Next, the essay might explore how educational programs are different between traditional colleges and community colleges.
• Job Prospects: Finally, the essay might also explore how job prospects are different for people who graduated from community college or a traditional undergraduate program.

This organizational pattern makes it easy for people to spot the differences between both programs. 

The writer might also elect to go with a cause-and-effect pattern. This is particularly helpful if the writer is taking a look at a historical event or if the writer is trying to push for a specific action that can be used to solve the problem. 

Essentially, the writer can decide to divide the essay into two major sections. The first talks about the causes of that issue, and the second talks about the effects of that event. As an example:

Causes of the Civil War

• Cause 2 

Effects of the Civil War

If the writer is trying to construct a persuasive essay on the causes and effects of the Civil War, this is a very easy way to lay it out.

The other way to lay out this type of essay is to devote one section to each cause and then list the effects under that cause. An example of an essay talking about global warming might be laid out as follows:

Cause of Global Warming 1

Cause of Global Warming 2

Cause of Global Warming 3

The writer is able to see the effect relationship of the essay as it moves forward. 

A topical pattern is one of the most commonly used patterns in all writing. Essentially, this is a great organizational pattern to use if you are having difficulty finding another pattern that will work well. One topic is often broken up into multiple subtopics, making it easier for the reader to follow along.

For example, you might look at an essay about American sports. There are a lot of leagues and teams to discuss, so you might want to lay it out by topic. One suggested organizational pattern could be as follows:

• Teams in the AFC
• Teams in the NFC
• Teams in the Eastern Conference
• Teams in the Western Conference
• Teams in the American League
• Teams in the National League

There are multiple divisions in each conference as well. Therefore, you could break it down further if you would like. For example, if you are talking about teams in the NFC in the NFL, you could discuss the NFC North, the NFC South, the NFC East, and the NFC West in each individual section. 

You may also want to divide your essay into problem-solution patterns. This essay is relatively straightforward. It has two main sections. The first section will discuss a problem. Then, it will talk about all of the reasons why it is such a big problem. Then, in the second section, you will talk about different solutions to that problem, trying to convince the reader to take a specific action.

For example, you might want to write an essay on why diet and exercise are great solutions for overweight people might break up your essay into multiple sections, including:

Problem: Obesity

• Obesity causes self-esteem issues.
• Obesity causes long-term joint pain
• Obesity increases your risk of developing heart attacks and strokes.

Solution: Diet and Exercise

• Everyone can eat a healthy diet and exercise regularly, so it is not that expensive.
• It is a sustainable solution that does not require taking prescription medications.
• It has a much lower risk of leading to complications and side effects. 

Having a formal structure in place can make it easier for your reader to follow along as the effect of various conditions is explained. 

You might also be interested in classifying different items into different categories based on specific defining characteristics. If you have a broader topic that you need to cover, you may want to include specific topics in certain areas based on shared characteristics. 

One example of this type of pattern in action is hurricanes. Suppose you have been tasked to divide some of the most important hurricanes in the history of the United States into different categories. In that case, you may decide to do so by classifying them based on the Saffir-Simpson scale. This is the scale that divides hurricanes based on wind speed. The essay would be categorized as follows:

• Category 1 Hurricanes: List of the most important category 1 hurricanes.
• Category 2 Hurricanes: List of the most important category 2 hurricanes.
• Category 3 Hurricanes: List of the most important category 3 hurricanes.
• Category 4 Hurricanes: List of the most important category 4 hurricanes.
• Category 5 Hurricanes: List of the most important category 5 hurricanes.

You may have more hurricanes in the lower categories because hurricanes that are major hurricanes tend to do more damage. 

If you are interested in learning more, check out our essay writing tips !

Organizational Structures Essay

Functional organizational structure is ideal for the company 1. Its structure should have two functional levels: managerial team at the top level hierarchy while programmers and supporting personnel – under it. Below, there is a chart to illustrate company 1 functional organizational structure:

Each employee in all the levels has a task to perform in relation to their specialization. The company 1 top level hierarchy is headed by managers who have the following roles: they are responsible for planning and making strategic decisions, passing decisions to employees and controlling implementation of these decisions. They also control tasks realization process. Managers’ offices should be located in the company’s main office Ar-Riyad. All the 25 programmers and the supporting personnel are answerable to the management.

Level two of the company’s hierarchy is the programmers and the supporting personnel. Each of this team has specialization in their functional roles. The programmers search for clients, provide technical support to their clients and do programming. The rationale for choosing this type of organizational structure for the company 1 is that each of the workers in this company has a specific task to perform depending on the specialization.

For instance, the programmers have specific tasks to accomplish in addition to searching for clients, providing technical support to company’s client and doing programming. Company managers have responsibility of staffing, controlling and coordinating the company activities. Supporting employees are supposed to facilitate company functions for it to achieve its goal. Also, they are a part of communication link between the management and the other company personnel.

Functional organization structure is suitable for this company because it has bigger software market. For instance, it has ten company clients from Ar-Riyad, two from Damman, one multinational company that specializes in business software and two other clients from Argentina.

In addition, its activity coordination and specialization are centralized. Its managers oversee the company task coordination and specialization. To achieve its goals this company has to divide its operation according to functional areas in addition to possessing various levels of authority.

Command flow is from the top (management) to those below (employees) in hierarchy. This structure will allow economies of scale within all company 1 functional departments. Additionally, it will enable depth knowledge and skill development and company’s accomplishment of its functional goals. It is also bested suited for company with one product like company 1.

Matrix organizational structure is suitable for the company 2 because it can allow this company to address multiple business dimensions using multiple command structure. Below, there is a chart to illustrate the company 2 matrix organizational structure.

In the company 2, management coordinates the activities of all other departments in the company. It is the highest level in the organization hierarchy. Command flows from the management to all other departments in the organization. Company’s managers occupy the highest post in the company’s central administration who are responsible for planning and making strategic decisions. They also pass decision to employees and control implementation of these decisions.

They also control tasks realization process. Managerial team decision is the implementation affect of all products of company which include fertilizer, gardening, and dealers in gardening tools. Employees are supposed to give feed back to management on matters concerning the company operations. The company 2 has many employees working in various departments of the company including production, marketing and sales. Out of the 250 employees, 100 are occupied in the production sector.

Its central offices are suited in Damman. Employees who have similar skills are put together for particular task. For instance, those employees working in production sector should report to a production manager, sales and marketing employee should report to sales and marketing managers respectively.

Rationale for using Matrix organizational structure, it is because Matrix organizational structure encourages innovation and fast action and speed information in the company. Additionally, Matrix organizational structure is suitable for a company which deals with more than one product.

The company 2 is involved in production of fertilizer, manufacturing of gardening tools and dealer in gardening tools for the famous U.S brand. Matrix organizational structure fits this company because its workers are selected according to the task needed. Departmental flexibility is of essential in running this company in various departments.

Matrix organizational structure is able to leverage functional economies of scale while remaining small task focused; it focuses employees on multiple business goals and facilitates innovation solution to complex and technical problems. It improves employees’ companywide focus through increased responsibility and decision making. It also allows a quick and easy transfer of resources and increases information flow through the creation of lateral communication channels and enhances personal communication skills.

In order for a company to attain its objectives, its organization’s structure should have tasks allocation, coordination and supervision. Organizational structure is a key determinant in any organization’s operations and performance. Companies have different organizational structure depending on their goals.

Organization structure enables an organization’s tasks, activities and processes allocation to its personnel, departments or branches. Basically, organizational structure serves two main purposes in an organization. They include forming a basis guide lines in any operations. It also defines company’s workers and departments duties to gear towards achieving it goal.

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IvyPanda. (2018, October 31). Organizational Structures. https://ivypanda.com/essays/organizational-structures/

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1. IvyPanda . "Organizational Structures." October 31, 2018. https://ivypanda.com/essays/organizational-structures/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . "Organizational Structures." October 31, 2018. https://ivypanda.com/essays/organizational-structures/.

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ESSAY SAUCE

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Essay: Organisational Structures: An Overview

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INTRODUCTION AND DEFINATION OF ORGANIZATION According to the (council dictionary fourth edition, p 1103) organisation means means union organization comprising parts and other people in a body (association, corporation, etc.) for specific purposes (mutual interest ). According to (Professor Schein (1973), the organization serves as a rational adjustment of human activity in order to achieve the goals set by the division of labor, and also functions through authoritative hierarchy ) . (Ralph Davis (1951) also quote that the organization is a group of a number of a group of large men who worked under one head or manager to achieve an objective) Chester Barnard in his book, “The Function of the Executive” published by Harvard University Press, 1938, said that the organization is a system of personal power activity, consciously coordinated to achieve organsation goal. (Ralph M. Stogdill, the author of “Dimensions of Organizational Design” output of Pittsbury University Press, 1966,) defines the organization as a system of work that is done with structure that contains position and feelings are shaped and determined in advance of the role and the position filled by actors or workers. However what is important in the definition of organization is that it is a group that has certain parts in it which consists of a group of people who work together and help each other and their surroundings are interwined with each other in order to achieve the objectives and goals of individuals, groups or organization. Based on the chart, the Department of YAYASAN TERENGGANU has established the functional structure of different tasks or work to achieve the objectives and goals of the plan. Refering to a functional structure that has formed above, the Director General of YAYASAN TERENGGANU has the highest function power where he is responsible for administering and directing an organization with established policies, rules, working methods, making legal advise, coordinate the activities of the organization, department or unit / interior and goals of the organization , There are two parts function under the direct order Director General which is the Deputy Director (Operations) and Director General (Development) where both the function serves as chairman of the unit / section below. The parts have different functions or tasks workflow. In addition, the functional structure is also designed to enable many individuals with expertise and experience in controlling and supervising the work of each taskforce . Besides, it can provide opportunities for member organizations to learn from other people and become more efficient in their job. Thus, indirectly it has facilitated the process of controlling and adjusting the good work. In addition, the functional structure has been set up to facilitate the work and service operation which is designed to run more smoothly. In addition, the functional structure serves as the focus and gather members or employees to facilitate organisational needed skills and use certain skills where the staff are needed. This functional structure allows the division of labor as a whole and indirectly facilitate the process of communication and interaction that can improve the ability and efficiency in producing the best technique in performing its obligations and is the best way to resolve any problem Moreover, it also facilitates the performance of some top managers know- how divisions, units or departments within an organization. The work done or carried as a whole can be adjusted for all activities and skills will be classified or grouped in one place / divisions under one head. In addition, the division function makes supervision easier because each unit has a chief and specific skills. In addition, the function can be used according to the change of the work, fast and effectively done

THE BENEFITS OF FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE 1) The task of supervision becomes easier because each head of department has and equipped with specific skills. 2) Any functional problem between units, departments and divisions can be easily identified and brought to attention immediately 3) Resources can be used efficiently 4) The functions and individual position is clear. 5) Expertise, knowledge, skills and experience can be consolidated or combined among individuals.

THE DISADVANTAGES OF FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE 1) The response time might be slow and interupted because of waiting above from higher authority 2) It does not encourage innovation between staff and its perspective of view is narrow 3) Recaiving feedback may be slow because of the units, departments and divisions current un-done task 4) It contributes unto the lack of communication between units, departments and divisions. 5) It is weak in addressing all individual needs because of the slowness might occured in terms of action plan that can leads to un-achievable organisational objectives

Retrieved from : http://www.airasia.com/iwov-resources/my/common/pdf/AirAsia/IR/annual-report-2007b.pdf1.2 THE GEOGRAFIC STRUCTURE OF AIR ASIA ORGANISATIONAL BRANCHES IN VARIOUS COUNTRIES

The organizational structure of geography divide the workers by geographical area designated as below at different part of its bracnches operation . It was formed on the request of customers who are far away or outside an organization’s operations center. The organizational structure of geography in operation among different staff is responsible for carrying out business activities in designated locations. The chart below shows an example of the organization of geographical structure adopted by The Air Asia Management . At below of the image, I also present the advantages and disadvantages of the organizational structure of geography. In this geographic structure, units and divisions based on the places and the geographical area. This structure is suitable when companies or offices operate in many different geographical areas in which the state, religion and country. In addition, the geographical structure is the coordination of work and workers in the unit or where different parts are all responsible for each of the organization or activity in a specific geographical area. Based on the geographical structure chart of the Air Asian Management , it has expanded its production in some specific geographical area. The advantage gained is the company able to expand its business across borders including financial markets , social relationships and the resulting product or products to the local market. In addition, the company is able to foster a closer relationship between places worldwide. The company is also able to expand the understanding and friendship between the peoples of the world with opportunities for personal conversion that is progressively emerged. Thus indirectly the company has formed or able to meet its own slogan which is “Now, Everyone Can Fly”. In addition, the company is also able to improve the standards prescribed or used in the ranking of global requirements such as the standards prescribed or used in the ranking of global requirements such as copyright law. The company on the other hand is also able to shape the universal’s value and get the technology needed to help in spreading its market (marketing) throughout the world. The company is also conducting management activities between the border and the processes of development which will be adopted when the emergence of a global market in the future. In addition, these companies are also more frequent use of advanced technologies because it often built connection or get connected between the border and to develop a global telecommunications infrastructure

ADVANTAGES OF GEOGRAFIC STRUCTURE 1) The whole organisation is able to use the expertise of all staff in ‘worldwide’ speaking according to the geographical location of the organization. 2) Products and services can be produced and marketed to different countries thus, make marketing job easier and effective 3) It is able introduce the organization to the world. 4) The organization becomes larger. 5) ) It can reduce organisation costs by putting the resources of the organization closer to the geographical area specified.

DISADVANTAGES OF GEOGRAFICAL STRUCTURE 1) There might be difficulty in coordinating the departments in the geographical area because its location that isfar from each other.

2) Lack of control might occur to each geographical department of the organization

3) Redundancies can happen

4) It can not guarantee the full loyalty of employees to the organisation

5) The existence of a change in products ( travelling ) and services as cultural factors, physical and weather

Retrieved from : http://kamarularnizam.blogspot.com/2015/02/contoh-pbs-pengajian-perniagaan.html

1.3 THE PRODUCT STRUCTURE OF SAMSUNG COMPANY The product is the output of an organization that can be produced in the form of goods or service . This refers to the coordination of work between workers in a unit or the other. This means each unit hold different responsibility to produce the output of products or services that have been set. The advantage of this section is to allow employers and employees to broaden their experience and expertise in relation to the overall activities of the products or services to be offerd. Accordingly, this allows management to assess the performance of work done in each work unit. From the image of product structure below , SAMSUNG company is capable of designing and producing a wide range of different products which generally meet the needs of everyone. All of these products are produced in different part or unit of work and function. Each division will be headed by a chairman and a chief that is responsible for coordinating the work or production activities as well as other activities such as purchasing, marketing and distribution of any products. Products produced by SAMSUNG company headed by a chairman with responsibility to ensure the product is produced in accordance with the criteria set and ensure marketing, distribution is done correctly. Thus working to produce each product is easy because each product will be distributed to the head that will manage it and supervise it The separation of individual products and these products have facilitated the production of such products. This separation is important because it can generate and collect ideas and brilliant creative in producing these products to market s. Each product has a function, purpose, use, benefits and advantages of its own. The resulting product is equipped with features such as it is psysicalll attractive, colorful, and the materials used to form the product . ( in eaxample: how a new I-Phone is formed with its colourful structure and its function) Apart from the physical characteristics SAMSUNG companies also produce products based on non-physical characteristics such the image, concept and its flexibility to use. These features make the users and buyers interested in purchasing. With the diversity of the products it can also solve the needs of purchasers or users and the importance of such a requirement in other words, the higher term needs of a person, the higher the consumer is willing to buy The company further then makes high quality products and good price comparable with other competitors after a thorough discussion of each of the products made

THE BENEFITS OF PRODUCTS STRUCTURE 1) Managers and employees can develop their talents, their experience and expertise in product development activities. 2) Managers in every department can monitor the activity of each unit and staff in the production of the product under operation. 3) A very clear lines of responsibility between departments. 4) The structure of the product is very suitable for large-sized organizations. 5) It is appropriate for organizations that produce various kind of products

THE DISADVANTAGES OF PRODUCTS STRUCTURE 1) The Manager is focused only in products management 2) There is a lack of communication between departments and its staff 3) The cost of the operation is big because each department has its own managers and experts. 4) It requires a high amount of workforces . 5) It does not promote cooperation which is a very important value because each department is of different expertise

Retrieved from : http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/rational/library/apr05/hanford/

1.4 MATRIX STRUCTURE OF AN ORGANISATION DOING SITE PROJECT( IBM INTERNATIONAL COMPANY

Matrix structure is a result of two or more of the combined organization at the same time and the matrix structure is suitable for use when an organization has to handle a large project or task at a time. It is very complicated and complex structure as of individuals from different organizational structures work together to control and ensure the success of a project to achieve the intended purpose. There are some factors that distinguish this matrix structure that differentiates with other structures such workers report and work-related contact of two ifferent supervisors or managers. “Matrix structure developed as a way to improve horizontal coordination and information sharing” (Richard. L Daft, 2008). Managers have a responsibility to ensure the success of the projects undertaken while the departments of other acts to maintain technical competence in their work. (Harold Kerzner, 2003) also quote that there were certain rules that exist for the construction of a matrix structure 1) “participant must spend full time on this project to ensure the loyalty” 2) “there must be good communication channels between managers and independent access” 4) “there must be a quick and effective methodto resolve the conflict ”

For organizations like this ( image 1.4 ) that are experts iin commissioning employees from different units and parts to perform tasks for one or more projects led by a project manager. The project was carried out on a temporary or contract where its members consist of different functional departments that collaborate in carrying out the project. In this structure, the manager will be responsible to his supervisor or the head. There are lots of advantages to be obtained. Including the presence of matrix functions provide flexibility (flexibility) to the organization. Besides, it enable the employee to discipline themselves to do two or more tasks provided with full responsibility. It also stimulates the matrix function of co-operation between the employees and other employees in two or more work done. Among other advantages derived from this organizational structure is that they can learn new skill at one time during the working process. Matrix organizational structure also allows them to transfer skills to the other participant workers to the areas that are and this in turns help when desperation of skills workes are in demand in certain areas. In addition, the matrix structure of this organization can strengthen the relationship between each worker because they are connected and can carry out their duties in accordance with the requirements set. This organizational matrix structure will also be able to further develop desired goals and is of good use when the organisation need to use two or more employees to perform two or more tasks / work in an organosation ADVANTAGES OF MATRIX STRUCTURE IN AN ORGANISATION 1) It encourage the staff to use resources more effectively. 2) It provides more accurate and extensive information. 3) Collaboration between disciplines and expertise is available to all sections. 4) Flexibility and adaptation to the changing environment. 5) It fosters the spirit of cooperation which is an important asset for all organisation

THE DISADVANTAGES OF A MATRIX STRUCTURED’S ORGANISATION 1) Confusion can happen because there are two directions. 2) It can be a complicated approach because instructions can come between the two sides of different departments 3) More meetings and discussions need to be held to determine action plan 4) Distribution of resources becomes difficult when many projects are carried out simultaneously. 5) There will be a dominant power struggle when there are managers who are more prominent.

Each organization has a clearly established objectives and goals of its own. In general, the organizational chart has been used by many organizations to assist their operations. Without careful planning and the right implication or action plan, the organization would not be able to operate at the level best to achieve the goals set. It also requires knowledge and efficient management of the organization is to ensure great success. In short every organization should take into account every factors either internal or external to make sure every task is done accordingly and smoothly in line with the goals set

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Organization Strategies

One important aspect that is often overlooked in the writing process is the structure and order that ideas will appear in the paper. Depending on what you will be writing, there are different organizational structures that may strengthen or weaken your writing based on which you select. This page is designed to give an over view of different organization patterns that are explored in depth in other handouts linked below.

So you’ve picked your topic, you’ve brainstormed, you’ve researched, and you’re ready to write. How do you decide how to organize your information into paragraphs? Every paper is going to be different, and every topic will likely have a preferred mode of organization. We have described three main categories:  Logical ,  Chronological , and  Hierarchical . Check out the linked pages for more information to select the structure that best fits your writing!

NOTE:  While all these structures have examples, not every single organizational structure is covered in depth. We have reviewed some of the more common organization structures in UIS’s academic context, but other structures like classification/division, definition, and description are not expanded upon in detail.

When the points need to be explained in a particular order to logically move from one to the next to make sense, organizing according to that logical progression will lend your paper clarity and credibility. For example, if you have to write a problem/solution essay, it is helpful to first learn about the problem (causes, scope, consequences) before outlining a solution (implementation, feasibility, gains). On the  Logical Organization Strategies  page, structures like  cause and effect ,  compare and contrast ,  problem/solution , and  process  are described further in depth with examples.

Chronological

Sometimes, you will have a topic that needs to be organized in chronological order. If you’re writing a biography of a person or detailing a historical event or period of time, you likely should write about those things from their earliest point to their latest point in time. However, these events can become confusing especially in narrative writing. In the  Chronological Organization Strategies  handout, these structures are described with examples to show how to prevent your reader from becoming lost in your writing.

Hierarchical

Some topics don’t have a linear, logical, or Point A to Point B organization at hand to use for your paper. In those cases, you can organize your body paragraphs according to value. You can follow this organization style in two ways:  low to high  or  high to low . The  Hierarchical Organization Strategies  handout demonstrates how these progressions work with sample writing.

Essay on Organizational Structures

An organization’s organizational structure provides the framework for running and planning its activities. The hierarchy, organizational structure, and channels for communication and decision-making make up an organization (“ Organizational Structure ,” 2012). An organization’s performance and capacity to adapt to environmental changes are impacted by its organizational structure. This essay will contrast the benefits and drawbacks of mechanical and organic organizational structures. The gauge, discover, and reflect framework will also be covered.

Mechanistic Structure

The conventional method of organizational design is the mechanical structure. A hierarchical structure with distinct lines of authority and control characterizes it. It is an extremely organized, centralized process in which tasks are divided into distinct roles and responsibilities. The mechanical structure is ideal for organizations with a highly specialized workforce because it emphasizes efficiency and control.

Efficiency:  Mechanistic structures divide work into manageable, efficiently completed components to maximize efficiency and productivity, making it possible to make decisions quickly and help prevent wasting time on useless pursuits. A system in place enables tasks to be completed quickly and efficiently, increasing the organization’s overall effectiveness. It also ensures that resources are used as effectively as possible and that the final product is of the highest caliber.

Control:  By giving one person or group complete control and decision-making power, an organization can have much control over its actions, enabling the adoption of strict standards and the upkeep of output consistency. This structure ensures that those in charge can more effectively implement their vision and goals because decisions are made from the top down (“ Organizational Structure ,” 2012). Mechanistic structures help ensure the organization’s success.

Stability:  Mechanistic structures are highly organized and structured, giving the organization a higher level of stability. As a result, they are less susceptible to disturbances and changes from the outside world, which enables the organization to maintain stability and consistency. Due to its structural design, the organization is protected from outside influences and disruption to the greatest extent possible. This stability enables the organization to carry on operating without the need for significant modifications or changes.

Disadvantages

Rigidity:  Mechanistic structures are rigid and highly structured, and they can be challenging to alter or adapt to changing conditions. As a result, the company might become inert and need help to seize fresh opportunities.

Inefficiency:  If the structures are appropriately managed, they may result in efficiency. Tasks not broken down into manageable parts may take longer than necessary and require more departmental coordination.

Lack of Innovation:  Organizational structures may need more innovation by making the company too committed to upholding the status quo and closed to novel concepts, potentially leading to a lack of creativity and making it harder for the company to remain competitive.

Organic Structure

An alternative to the mechanical structure is the organic structure. A decentralized structure with adaptable roles and responsibilities best describes it. It is a flexible strategy emphasizing employee innovation and creativity (“ Organizational Structure ,” 2012). The organic structure prioritizes cooperation and teamwork and is ideal for businesses demanding innovation.

Flexibility:  Organic structures are designed to be more flexible, allowing for greater autonomy and creativity and enabling the organization to quickly adapt to changing circumstances and take advantage of new opportunities.

Innovation:  Greater innovation can result from organic organizational structures because they are more flexible and unrestricted by strict rules and regulations. Greater creativity may result from this, supporting the company’s ability to compete.

Collaboration:  Roles and responsibilities need to be more clearly defined in organic structures, which can increase departmental collaboration. Increased communication and problem-solving may result from this.

Inefficiency:  If organic structures are appropriately managed, they can result in efficiency. With clearly defined roles and responsibilities, tasks might be finished on time, and departmental coordination might improve.

Lack of Control:  Organic organizational structures can lack control because they are less centralized and less concerned with upholding the status quo. This results in inconsistent output and a lack of organization-wide discipline.

Uncertainty:  There may be uncertainty as the organization needs to be more structured and unpredictable with organic structures, resulting in the absence of predictability and making it challenging to make long-term plans.

Gauge, Discover, and Reflect Framework

The gauge, discover and reflect framework creates an effective organizational structure. Three steps make up the procedure: gauge, discover, and reflect. Organizations assess their current environment and gain an understanding of their current situation in the first step (“ Organizational Structure ,” 2012). Organizations identify the ideal situation and plan to get there in the second step. Organizations review their progress in the third step and make any necessary modifications.

The gauge, discover and reflect framework’s primary benefit is its future-oriented approach. Organizations can use the process to plan and create strategies to reach their objectives. The process also encourages organizations to evaluate their performance and adjust as necessary, encouraging ongoing development and keeping businesses on course.

The main disadvantage of the gauge, discover and reflect framework is its complexity. The process requires significant time and resources and may not be feasible for smaller organizations. The process also requires organizations to clearly understand their current situation and desired state, which can take time.

Organizational Chart

A sample organizational chart for a Pharmaceutical Company with a Functional Departmentalization Structure is shown in Figure 7.6. An overview of the Pharmaceutical organization’s structure, including its hierarchy and lines of authority, is given in this chart. The organization’s three primary levels comprise the board of directors, senior management, mid-management, and line management (“ Organizational Structure ,” 2012). Each level contributes to the organization’s success and has distinct roles and responsibilities.

A hospital organizational chart is shown in Figure 7.7. This diagram gives a broad overview of the hospital’s organizational structure, including its hierarchies and power relationships. The organization’s four primary levels are the Board of Directors, the Medical Director, the Nursing Director, and the Clinical Staff (“ Organizational Structure ,” 2012). Each level has specific tasks and obligations, and they all work together to make the hospital successful.

Any organization must have a clear organizational structure. Performance and the organization’s capacity to adapt to environmental changes are impacted. This essay has contrasted the benefits and drawbacks of mechanical and organic organizational structures. The gauge, discover, and reflect framework has also been covered. Finally, two examples of organizational charts have been given, one for a hospital and the other for a school district. To ensure their success, organizations must carefully consider their organizational structure.

Organizational Structure . (2012). 2012books.lardbucket.org. https://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/management-principles-v1.1/s11-02-organizational-structure.html

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Home — Essay Samples — Business — Organizational Structure — Organizational Structure: Types and Efficiency

Organizational Structure: Types and Efficiency

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