food security essay introduction

Food Security Crisis Resolution Essay

Introduction, global governance, importance and aids by global governance, works cited.

Food is one of the fundamental needs of human. Food security is the ability to access food by those who need it. Every household is termed as secured food wise if it has access to safe and enough food hence freedom from hunger. The World Food Organization describes this security as access to nutritious, safe and sufficient food to cater for the basic human desires.

The rapid increase of population all over the world is the major result for food insecurity (Harman 18). To ensure the situation does not run out of hand, the global body Food and Agricultural Organization has been at the forefront since time immemorial to cater for issues related to this basic human need. Central to this organization is governance. This can ensure that even if there is increased population, there can be enough resources or produce to cater for the increase and even shortages.

Food security has become a complex task to achieve with the development of globalization. Initially the main focus of the governing body was on agriculture. This ensured carefully monitoring of production and even the surplus that are stored. Today, different issues of concern have cropped up. These are in terms of food processing, food distribution and food consumption. Governance of food security has become challenging with the forms of contradictory policies that exist.

Most third world countries have weak connections with the global governance (Harman 18). These countries are always the worst hit groups when there is hunger breakout. On the other hand America and most of its environs have high influence in the global governance. Their exports have greatly increased while other third world countries exports have reduced. These countries used to export in a massive way but have since declined in production.

These countries are not promising at all. Therefore they have less influence of the global investment kitties. One will find that those countries that are stable in terms of agricultural production and are also doing great in the processing have much attraction to investment and are therefore considered a priority by the governing bodies

Several methods have been employed to cater for increasing cases of food insecurity. One of these methods is research. The cases of reduced land for tenure have been the main cause of low agricultural production. Currently, researchers have introduced novel ways of producing crops.

This has been aided greatly by biotechnology. This new research concept has enabled the production of crops that can resist adverse conditions. In addition, other crops can also do well in green houses. Unfortunately, other countries cannot afford this. Although global governance has given out these good options, some countries cannot afford. This is because their government cannot afford the finances in one way or another (Harman 18). This paints a bad picture of the governance while it is evident that it is not their fault.

Other forms of governance that would improve food security include Rule of law, internal peace, improvement of infrastructure from rural areas and support from the government for research. These proposals are best when employed on the ground. Developed countries have already put these practices in place and are ahead. There have been problems caused by global warming and other related disaster but this has been solved by having alternative methods. This does not mean that the conventional methods have been neglected.

Adoption measures have been for the purpose of bridging the gap between production and consumption. There is need for all countries to be stakeholders of global food programmes and government. This will ensure that there is a legitimate process for handling problems and also providing solutions for future activities. Unfortunately, the developing countries do not take part in the same footing. This therefore calls for a better government that will have honor for legitimate, political and democratic process.

Current Global Economic Situation

This is an economy which comprises all the economies of the world. The issue of globalization brought a great revolution in the economy of the world. This revolution comprised of merging of trade markets, free trade in international stock markets and many more. Initially, this impacted nations in a positive way (Harman 18). There was expansion of markets and industries, creation of employment opportunities for both the young and old the people and a paradigm shift from job search to creation of jobs. More so was the issue of innovation that brought about great investment both in foreign and indigenous countries.

Developed and developing countries have had different effects due to the dynamic global economy. Currently, the economy is at its worst. The economic metrics stand at a free fall at the moment. Some are quite rapid that it has become so scary. The situation has continued to deepen day by day from banks bail out to individual country bail outs.

Central to this crisis is the unavailability of basic commodities such as food. In addition, oil prices have posed the hardest hit to most countries. The oil crisis was brought about by the unstable situation in Japan and Northern part of America. These unrests led to reduced production of oil from the main oil producing countries such as Libya. The rising oil prices have been due to the scarce in the commodity or the raw material. This crisis has also translated to the current energy crisis

On the other hand is food crisis. This has also arisen due to globalization of the economy. Increased industries led to the deterioration of the environment. This consequently led to global warming. Global warming has had a great impact on Agriculture. The climate of the globe has changed tremendously towards the negative. This has contributed to the accumulation of greenhouse gases hence global warming.

Therefore the climate has changed affecting the agricultural activities. This has directly affected food prices mostly for people living in poor countries and the Asian community. This has since resulted in high increase in food prices. For instance, in Asia the food prices have increased to 10%. This has affected about sixty five million people in the country.

Another factor that has put the current economy at risk is the weakening of the Dollar. This has led to the rapid rise in market prices. The American people have huge debts to pay hence this has greatly affected their economy and even the grand global economy. Goods traded across the global market are as expensive as has never been experienced before.

The most affected are the developing countries which have to add an extra coin to get goods across the global market. There has been cumulative unemployment for fresh college students in both developing and developed nations. Also there has been a rebound in the trade globally. In 2010 the increase in trade was about 12% which was positive.

Resolution for the Crisis

The main resolution strategy to the current economic crisis is the issue of changing policies. This can be achieved by using neutral bodies that can help save the matter starting with the matters that are of priorities. First of all the weakening of the Dollar is one crisis that should be resolved. It actually affects the global markets and hence touches every part of the world. The crisis in the economic sector unfortunately combines almost all international affairs from trade, agriculture, social status, political status and many more affairs.

This then means that there is need to restructure the financial operations. As mentioned above, a policy reform is the ways to go. International organizations dealing with specific global issues should sit down and allow room for policy interventions that will be able to advocate for the independence of countries in terms of control of each country resources (Pacula etal., 276).

For instance, every country should have the sovereign authority to strategize on self sufficiency. That is, every country should have the capacity to state their productivity, consumption and even surplus without being influenced externally. Central regulation has proven to lack transparency hence failure in the part of governance.

The issue of central control can be avoided by having each country regulate their resources and present what they have to the international organizations. This does not mean that the mandates of these international organizations are being neglected but it means that the essence of external interventions is nullified.

Another critical sector that needs quick salvaging is the financial sector. There are policies that were imposed by the World health organization, World Bank, international Monetary Fund and the regional and bilateral trade (Pacula etal., 276).

These policies have tremendously caused the current financial crisis that has been predicted to last for about two years before it picks up in a steady state. It is speculated that the years 2012 and 2013 will be bad years for more so the developed countries. Controls such as the forced quotas, regulated market prizes, control of imports should be solely left within the agreements by countries.

In the case of finances, the issue of financial literacy needs to be worked out. The current crisis means that there has been inefficiency in management of money matters. It there was a well sophisticated system able to work out the financial problem and even speculate the trends in an actual way then the issue of global crisis could not be a pandemic at the moment. For example, the issue of high mortgage ownership in developed countries has led to the banks running in huge debts hence a need for bailouts.

If there were plans put in place to train the consumers who were taking credits then there would not be the issue of debt default. This would mean that the consumers would be aware of the steps they are taking and would only participate in taking debts that they are able to clear. This can also translate in the global credit acquisition by countries. There have been increasing complexities in the financial markets both in individual countries and globally. Having financial literacy would solve the issue of this crisis.

Approach to Crisis Resolution

Fortunately, these approaches are underway as there have been non partisan groups that are lobbying for reforms and policy change in international organizations. Having and ear for the cry of these lobbyists will be a good step taken by the developed countries and even the international organization in working out the crisis. Therefore, to have success, there should be great interest by these organizations and countries to take part in reforms especially on the issue of financial education which is very important.

Harman, Chris. “Financial and Economic Crisis”. The Guardian Weekly 3 Aug. 2007: 18. Print.

Pacula etal. “Politics of the United Nations”. Journal of Political Economy . 95.2 (2006): 107-300. Print.

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Essay on food security.

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According to FAO, “Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food for a healthy and active life.”

This involves four dimensions:

i. Adequacy of food supply or availability;

ii. Stability of supply, without seasonal fluctuations or shortages;

ii. Accessibility to food or affordability; and

iii. Utilisation: quality and safety of food.

These factors include a broad spectrum of socioeconomic issues with great influence on farmers and on the impoverished in particular.

Large shares of the world’s small-scale farmers, particularly in central Asia and in Africa, are constrained by access to markets, while inputs, such as fertilisers and seed, are expensive. With lack of irrigation water, infrastructure and investments, and low availability of micro-finance combined with dependency on few multinational suppliers, crop production is unlikely to increase in those regions where it is needed the most, unless major policy changes and investments take place. These constraints are further compounded by conflicts and corruption.

Agricultural prices are forecast to remain well above the levels of the first half of 2001-10. In addition, a production short of demand, a greater geographical inequity in production and demand, combined with possibly more extreme weather and subsequent speculation in food markets, could generate much greater price volatility than before.

Food Availability:

The availability of food within a specific country can be guaranteed in two ways: either by food production in the country itself or by trade.

Increase in productivity can come about by using innovative soil and moisture conservation techniques, e.g., the double plantation techniques adopted by farmers in the Mekong plains of Indo- China and the elaborate terraces and irrigation systems of Bali and South China.

The Green Revolution helped to increase production in cereals in some regions, but the technologies involved had their own limitations.

Developments on the demand side require increase in production in those regions with the highest economic growth or population increase. The majority of these regions will be in emerging economies in Africa and Asia. Nowadays, Africa is especially dependent on food imports. Food production in this region is lagging behind due to limited research investments and the problems for farmers to use the appropriate inputs in their production process.

The world regions are sharply divided in terms of their capacity to use science in promoting agricultural productivity in order to achieve food security and reduce poverty and hunger.

Productivity has risen in many developing countries, mainly as a result of investment in agricultural R&D combined with improved human capital and rural infrastructure. In Africa, the levels of productivity are much lower and their growth has also been slower than in Asia.

One of the major options for significantly raising crop production is increasing the use of mineral fertilisers. The Africa Fertiliser Summit 2006 concluded that the use of fertilisers should be increased to a level of at least 50 kg/ha by 2015.

A major challenge is to find ways of making fertiliser available to smallholders at affordable prices. There is also a need for holistic approaches to soil fertility management that embraces the full range of driving factors and consequences of soil degradation. This would include the integration of mineral and organic sources of nutrients, thereby using locally available sources of inputs and maximising their use efficiency, while reducing dependency upon prices of commercial fertilisers and pesticides. The use of perennials, intercropping and agroforestry systems, such as the use of nitrogen fixating leguminous trees, are ways to increase nutrient availability, and enhance water availability and pest control, in a more sustainable manner.

After 1980, growth in expansion of irrigated area decreased and it is assumed this trend will continue in the near future. One of the reasons is that the areas most suitable for irrigation are already used, leading to higher construction costs in new areas. Current irrigation systems could be improved by investing in water control and delivery, automation, monitoring and staff training.

In most African regions, the major challenge is not the lack of water, but unpredictable and highly variable rainfall patterns with occurrences of dry spells every two years causing crop failure. This high uncertainty and variability influence the risk adverse behaviour of smallholder farmers. Rarely are investments made in soil management and fertility, crop varieties, tillage practices and even labour in order to avoid losses in case of total crop failure.

Managing the extreme rainfall variability over time and space can provide supplemental irrigation water to overcome dry periods and prevent crop failure. In combination with improved soil, this should reduce the risk of total crop failure and enhance the profitability of investments in crop management, for example, fertilisers, labour and crop varieties. Increasing crop canopy coverage reduces evapotranspiration from the soil, improving soil moisture and the provision of water for the crop.

This option has become more and more important with increasing transport possibilities and storing capacities and the growing challenges faced by some countries in their domestic production, including because of limitations in available cropland. International trade in agricultural products has expanded more rapidly than global agricultural GDP.

An increasing share of global agricultural exports originates from developed countries. The EU countries account for most of the global growth.

A large portion of this increase is accounted for by intra-EU trade.

Another perspective of trade is the purchase of land abroad for food production. Responding to recent food crises, a number of countries have started to purchase land abroad for cultivation of – crops needed to support domestic demand.

This is seen as a long-term solution to the high prices of agriculture commodities and increasing demand for Agroforestry products such as palm oil. Among the most active countries owning, leasing or concessioning farmland overseas are China, India, Japan, Saudi Arabia, South Korea and United Arab Emirates. The total area of overseas farmland in different countries was estimated at 5.7 million ha at the end of 2008 or 0.4 per cent of the global cropland area.

Food Supply Stability:

A major reason for instability in food supply is high fluctuation in food prices (price volatility). Volatile prices lead to poor investment strategies of producers and immediate impacts on consumers, especially in developing countries where consumers spend a large share of their income on food. Another source of instability is conflicts, which increase food supply risks.

Trade policies that limit market access, increase the volatility of commodity prices, unfairly subsidise developed country exports and constrain the trade policy flexibility of the developing world affect the stability and security as well as overall economic well-being of developing countries.

A quarter of the world’s governments implemented some export restrictions in the period of high prices in 2007-08 to ensure domestic food security. The impacts of these restrictions varied from panic-buying to the cultivation of smaller areas due to high input costs and the expectation of low product prices. These restrictions even increased price volatility of food products on the world market, thereby decreasing the food security of other countries.

With open markets, developing countries are very vulnerable to fluctuations in global food supply and prices and temporary protection of their own agricultural markets is promoted for these countries.

Conflicts greatly increase the risk of food supply instability. Countries in conflict and post-conflict situations tend to be food insecure, with more than 20 per cent of the population, and in many cases far more, lacking access to adequate food.

Accessibility to Food:

Accessibility to food refers not only to physical access but also affordability. Access to markets includes transportation of commodities and its costs and the transmission of price developments to producers. Poor transmission of price incentives to producers results in increasing the gap between consumers and producers especially as diets change.

As urbanisation increases, large urban markets are created and with this the scope of the establishment of big supermarket chains increases. This has implications for the entire food supply chain. Supermarkets have become an emerging force in South Asia, particularly in urban India, since the mid-1990s. The growth and power of international food corporations affect the opportunities of small agricultural producers in developing countries. Market entry is often barred to the majority of producers because of stringent safety and quality standards of food retailers.

Trade and urbanisation affect consumer preferences. The rapid diversification of the urban diet cannot be met by the traditional food supply chain in the hinterland of many developing countries. Consequently, importing food to satisfy the changing food demand could be relatively easier and less costly than acquiring the same food from domestic sources.

In Asia, traditional rice-eating societies are consuming increasing quantities of wheat in the form of bread, cakes, pastry and other products. Countries that traditionally [imported rice for meeting food shortfalls may now be shifting towards increasing levels of Wheat imports. This trend is also evident in the import of other temperate products like vegetables, milk and dairy products and temperate fruit. The overall result is that we are beginning to see a homogenisation of food tastes across the globe, but with regional variations.

Poor connections between urban and rural areas hinder price transmissions towards local markets, broadening the gap between urban demand and rural production in increasing demand for traditional products or for product diversification. The lack of access to markets is most evident in Africa, although large parts of Latin America and Asia are also experiencing long transport hours to reach markets. Consequently, domestic prices do not always follow international prices as an FAO report pointed out in 2006.

The periods of rising real prices were generally associated with real exchange rate devaluations. Relaxation of government controls over prices and market systems also led to gains in producer prices in some cases. In other instances, import liberalisation appears to have contributed to a decline in the real domestic prices of some commodities. Consequently, global shortages of food and feed that lead to global price increases are not followed by production increases at the local level.

Future World Food Prices:

Accessibility to food is also determined by the long-term trend in food prices (which is a different issue from price volatility).

In 2007-08 food prices were driven by a combination of rising fuel costs, production of biofuels, and unfavourable weather conditions, with trade restrictions boosting upward price pressures.

As the cost, and subsequent use, of fertiliser is strongly correlated with price, a potentially higher oil price would lower the use of fertiliser or further increase the food price.

Fuel price is one of the main determining factors for fisheries. Rising energy prices have a strong impact on capture as well as aquaculture (for the production and transport of fish feed) and lead to higher costs during the processing, transport (particularly air freight) and distribution of fish products. Small-scale fisheries, which depend on outboard motors and small diesel engines, have especially suffered from the spiralling rise in fuel prices.

While a higher oil price increases demand for biofuels, there is a catch: the agricultural commodities used nowadays or biofuels were previously used for feed and fodder; in the circumstances, demand for agricultural commodities as for factor inputs increases in this case. The overall decline in food prices is not expected to be so marked because of biofuel use.

Most of the quantitative and qualitative indicators of food security at the household level are linked to the poverty issue. As Amartya Sen (1981) points out, the poor do not have adequate means or entitlements to secure food, even when food is locally or regionally available. It is interesting to note that merely increase in income does not necessarily ensure improved nutritional status. Access to gainful employment, suitable technologies and other productive resources are important factors influencing undernutrition.

Though, overall, soaring food prices are blamed for their impacts on human vulnerability, there are two sides to this picture. Increasing food prices do have a positive effect on net food-selling households (FAO, 2008), augmenting their incomes and allowing more possibilities for farmers to afford investments in production inputs.

This underlines the need to minimise short-term price volatility and stimulate slow increases in long- term food prices, in order to enhance investments in the agricultural system and bridge the gap between developed and developing countries as well as between rural food producing and urban food consuming regions. Ideally, these developments should take environmental aspects into account to achieve sustainable agricultural systems that will meet the food demand of all the world citizens and eradicate hunger.

However, increasing yield and food supply without simply continuing the conventional expansion of cropland and rangeland and use of fertilisers and pesticides—at the cost of biodiversity and future generations—will require major investments and implementation of food energy considerations in the entire food production and consumption chain.

Utilisation, Quality and Safety:

As already mentioned in discussing the problems of nutrition patterns, much requires to be accomplished to acquire equitability in this regard.

Apart from quantitative aspect, qualitative aspects of diet such as consumption habits and nutritional needs also affect food security. In the absence of adequate attention to qualitative aspects of food, the ability of the individual to sustain the benefits of development gets affected.

A number of more novel matters will need to be dealt with, such as:

(i) The positive and negative impacts on non-communicable diseases of intensive production systems, not only in terms of health (e.g. nitrite in vegetables, heavy metals in irrigation water and manure, pesticide use), but also in terms of dietary quality (e.g. leaner meats in intensive poultry production);

(ii) The effects of longer food chains, in particular of longer storage and transport routes, such as the higher risk of -deterioration (even if most of this may be bacterial and hence not a factor in chronic diseases), and the use and misuse of conserving agents and contaminants; and

(iii) The effects of changes in varietal composition and diversity of consumption patterns, for example, the loss of traditional crop varieties and, perhaps even more significantly, the declining use of foods from “wild” sources.

Improving Food Security:

In the short term, the volatile prices can be decreased by price regulation and creation of larger cereal stocks to buffer the tight markets of food commodities and the subsequent risks of speculation. Safety nets need to be provided to alleviate impacts of rising prices and food shortage. Subsidies on agricultural commodities and inputs that are aggravating the food crisis need to be reduced/removed and investments made to shift to sustainable food systems and food energy efficiency.

In the middle term, efforts should be made to develop alternatives for feeds for animals and fish. Our ability to change the feed destined for livestock and aquaculture is probably greater than that of changing people’s food choice habits, which are not as easily controlled. Finding alternative feed sources provides a huge potential for increasing the availability of cereal for human consumption.

For other feed sources to become a sustainable alternative to the current use of cereals, their exploitation must not be resource- demanding. This poses a big challenge, since most of the easily available feed sources have already been fully exploited, although some alternatives still exist.

By using discards, waste and other post-harvest losses, the supply of animal and fish feed can be increased and be sustained without expanding current production, simply by increasing energy efficiency and conservation in the food supply chain.

There has been little focus on salvaging food already harvested or produced. An important question centers around the percentage of food discarded or lost during harvesting, processing, transport and distribution as well as at the point of final sale to consumers. Reducing such losses is likely to be among the most sustainable alternatives for increasing food availability.

Discarded fish from’ marine fisheries is the single largest proportion lost of any food source produced or harvested from the wild. The proportion is particularly high for shrimp bottom trawl fisheries. If sustainable, the amount of fish currently discarded at sea could alone sustain more than a 50 per cent increase in aquaculture production. However, many of these species could also be used directly for human consumption.

The potential to use unexploited food waste as alternative sources of feed is also considerable for agricultural products.

Food losses in the field (between planting and harvesting) could be as high as 20-40 per cent of the potential harvest in developing countries due to pests and pathogens. Postharvest losses vary greatly among commodities and production areas and seasons.

Substantial losses and wastage occur during retail and consumption due to product deterioration as well as to discarding of excess perishable products and unconsumed food. Food waste represents a major potential, especially for use as animal feed, which, in turn, could release the use of cereals in animal feed for human consumption.

Recovering energy from agricultural wastes is becoming increasingly feasible at the industrial production level; investments in technology enhancement of existing systems and innovation in new waste management systems is called for to support this expanding green economy.

Farmers need to be supported in developing diversified and resilient eco-agricultural systems. This includes management of extreme rainfall and use of inter-cropping to minimise dependency on external inputs like artificial fertilisers, pesticides and over irrigation.

Increased trade and improved market access can be achieved by improving infrastructure and reducing barriers to trade.

In the long term, awareness needs to be created about the pressures of increasing population growth and consumption patterns on sustainable functioning of the ecosystem. Alternative sources of food have to be explored and developed.

Related Articles:

• Food Problems: Notes on the Causes of Food Problems
• Food Security in India: Definition, Availability of Food Grains and Other Details

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Food security is one of the greatest problems faced the world. There is fact said that food is enough for everyone in the world but because of the great changes which happened rapidly in the world the rate of food become less than before and it is difficult to secure it. Food security is very important to ensure that everyone has enough to eat and families can build their communities without worrying about securing their live. To meet global needs, food production must be doubled in the next years in order to solve many issues such as: starvation, malnutrition and associated health. According to The World Food Summit of 1996 defined food security as existing “when all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain

Climate Change In Africa Essay

The impact of climate change is being felt throughout the world; however, the situation is more pronounced in developing countries because many households, social groups and regions have a limited capacity to adapt to climate variability and change (UNFCCC, 2007; IPCC 2007). The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007:6) defined climate change as any change in climate over time, whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity. The (UNFCCC 2007) espoused that agricultural production on the African continent relies primarily on rainfall. As such, any interruption in rainfall pattern and intensity will adversely affect the poor, predominantly the smallholder farmers (ibid).

Essay On Hunger And Malnutrition

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Hunger is still a major concern in health issues. Hunger causes malnutrition, malnutrition and others. Famine kills more people than TB, HIV / AIDS and Malaria. A quarter of children born in developing countries are underweight.

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Food Security - List of Free Essay Examples And Topic Ideas

Food Security is the condition where all people, at all times, have physical, social, and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food. Essays might explore the strategies to achieve food security, challenges like climate change or political instability hindering food security, and the roles of individuals, communities, and nations in promoting food security. We’ve gathered an extensive assortment of free essay samples on the topic of Food Security you can find at PapersOwl Website. You can use our samples for inspiration to write your own essay, research paper, or just to explore a new topic for yourself.

Global Food Security Disparities

Food security, a critical component of the global economy, is a complex issue that transcends borders and affects millions of lives worldwide. It is intricately linked to economic stability, health outcomes, and social well-being. According to the United Nations' Committee on World Food Security, food security is defined as a condition where all people, at all times, have physical, social, and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food that meets their dietary preferences and needs for an active and […]

Child Food Insecurity

It is wrong to think that child food insecurity, malnourishment, and other food issues are only present in "third-world" countries because in reality, they occur worldwide ("Woodhouse"). They are especially prevalent in the United States ("Morrissey"), which is considered to be one of the most advanced and affluent countries in the world. Children from low-income families feel the greatest effects of food insecurity in the United States because they have minimal access to fresh foods, which is caused by the […]

Poverty in Haiti: is there a Solution?

Abstract Haiti is a Latin American country that is often ignored. People do not hear much about it, except if a natural disaster such as the earthquake in 2010 happens. It was once the richest colony of the Caribbean and nowadays is known as the poorest country of the Western Hemisphere. Haiti has been facing a cycle of poverty since it became independent. Haiti’s location and deforestation have contributed to make the situation worse. More than half of the population […]

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GMO’s and World Hunger

As the world begins to feel the constraints of overpopulation and diminishing resources, the rate at which people are affected by chronic world hunger continues to grow exponentially (Geldof). Record climate change brought about by global warming and an increase in greenhouse emissions has increased the longevity of droughts, causing the desert to spread, and what small area of forest we have to left to soon run out (Gerry). According to research conducted at Harvard, the world population is estimated […]

Agricultural Soil Quality as Determinant of Societal Success

Soil, an often overlooked yet fundamental component of Earth's ecosystem, plays a pivotal role in sustaining human life. It influences plant growth, filters water, provides essential nutrients to forests and crops, and regulates Earth's temperature. Additionally, soil is integral to our food supply; without fertile soil, growing vegetables and fruits becomes a formidable challenge. The health of soil is so crucial that the rise and fall of civilizations can be attributed, in part, to how well they manage this resource. […]

Solutions for Worldwide Food Distribution Challenges

The global food crisis is a pressing issue that currently affects more than one-sixth of the world's population. The number of people suffering from starvation and undernourishment is increasing at an alarming rate, and without effective intervention, this trend will only continue. The crisis is driven by a multitude of factors, including urbanization, climate change, population growth, and significantly, food waste. Alarmingly, approximately one-third of all food produced for human consumption is wasted, amounting to an estimated 1.3 billion tons […]

The Media’s Role in Addressing Poverty and Hunger

The media serves as a powerful platform for discussing pressing societal issues and amplifying diverse voices. Despite this potential, society often gravitates towards celebrity gossip and entertainment, neglecting critical issues such as poverty and hunger. Historically, during times like the Great Depression, media platforms such as newspapers and radio were pivotal in informing the public about governmental actions and societal challenges. Today, with advanced technology at our fingertips, the majority of Americans have access to television, smartphones, and other electronic […]

Civilization in Modern Society

The dawn of civilization marked a significant turning point in human history, fundamentally altering how societies functioned and interacted. While these advancements brought about numerous benefits for humanity, they particularly favored the upper classes. This essay explores how the evolution of civilization contributed to a more stable and prosperous lifestyle, especially for the elite, by examining key developments such as food surpluses, social hierarchies, and technological progress. Despite the challenges faced by the lower classes, the overall impact of civilization […]

Childhood Food Insecurity Effects

Food and nutrition are universally acknowledged as crucial factors in the healthy development of children and adolescents. From an early age, a deficiency in essential nutrients can significantly impede various aspects of a child's growth. Such deficiencies can lead to neuro-cognitive, emotional, academic, and other developmental delays and may also serve as precursors to other disorders and health conditions. Ensuring early childhood food security is fundamental to fostering a healthy and functional adolescence and adulthood. When compromised, this can initiate […]

Humans and the Anthropocene: a Quest for Survival and Development

In the relentless pursuit of development and survival, humans have inflicted irreparable damage on the planet, a phenomenon now encapsulated in the term "Anthropocene." This era is characterized by human activities being the predominant influence on climate and the environment (Monastersky, 2015). The extraction of resources from nature, which underpins development and sustains life, has led to mass extinctions of species, pollution of water bodies, atmospheric alterations, land degradation, and other irreversible impacts. These consequences underscore the intricate interdependence of […]

The Evolution and Impact of Food Aid Policies

Born of necessity during the Great Depression, food aid policies sought to address economic and social inequalities. The Food Stamp Act of 1964 marked a significant step in this direction, designed to address both the surplus and the pressing issue of food insecurity—a condition defined by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) as either low or very low food security. Low food security is characterized by reduced quality, variety, or desirability of diet with little indication of reduced food […]

Tackling the Global Hunger Crisis

Hunger has been a persistent challenge throughout human history, a problem that should and can be solved, yet over one billion people worldwide remain undernourished. It is disheartening to note that despite a global population exceeding seven billion people, the Earth produces enough food to feed everyone adequately. However, hunger remains a global crisis. Three primary factors contribute to this issue: food distribution inefficiencies, climate change, and poverty. Food Distribution Challenges The term "food distribution challenges" refers to the inability […]

Food Waste Reduction Strategies Among Australian Youth

Food waste represents a significant and growing challenge in Australia, with profound implications for health, the environment, and the economy. It accounts for a billion dollars' worth of wasted food each year, occurring across the stages of production, retail, and consumer use. This issue not only contributes to food insecurity but also to health problems such as obesity, particularly among low-income populations. In this context, food insecurity refers to limited or uncertain access to nutritious and safe food, while obesity […]

AB-1747 Bill and the Republican Party’s Stance on Student Food Assistance

Republican: the bill AB-1747 food assistance: higher education students.Bill AB-1747 food assistance: higher education students is a bill about college students who have low income and are entitled to help from food assistance. The food assistance, SNAP, supplemental nutrition assistance Program, also known as CalFresh in California was introduced to supplement college students hunger. The students with low income are expected to pay a little amount of money to be eligible for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance program to qualify for food […]

Bridging Communities through the River Food Pantry

The River Food Pantry stands as a testament to the power of community-driven initiatives in addressing food insecurity. Located in Madison, Wisconsin, this organization goes beyond merely providing food; it serves as a cornerstone for fostering connections, offering hope, and building a stronger, more resilient community. With a focus on dignity and respect, The River Food Pantry creates an environment where individuals and families can access not only nutritional support but also a sense of belonging. At its core, The […]

Butylated Hydroxyanisole (BHA) in Food: Uses and Health Implications

Butylated hydroxyanisole, recognized as BHA, emerges as a synthetic antioxidant extensively employed in the alimentary sector to safeguard freshness by impeding the oxidation of fats and oils. Grasping the function and ramifications of BHA in our victuals can empower consumers to craft discerning dietary selections. While it fulfills a pivotal role in prolonging shelf life and upholding food quality, dialogues regarding its safety and plausible health repercussions persist. BHA primarily functions to thwart rancidity in fat-laden victuals, impacting not solely […]

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Food Security

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Introduction

Food is an essential basic need for the survival of the human being and the population. Food security is all about being able to measure the availability of food and how individuals can access it. Accessibility in matters of food security refers to how accessible food is. Issues of food security have been of global concern for the last many years since famine has been a challenge. Food security does only not entail the availability of food but also ensuring that the available food is nourishing, healthy, balanced and moderate and can be used for human consumption (Frongillo et al., 2017). Individuals being able to demand food and also get a prerequisite for food security. According to the Food and Agricultural Organization, food security is all about ensuring that all individuals have safe and nutritious food required for a healthy life. The discussion about food security is very relevant in today’s world since having a hungry world would mean unproductivity, instability and human suffering.

Food Insecurity and Role of Population Growth

Food insecurity is the unavailability of food for a group of people or the entire nation. In as much as food insecurity might be caused by the unpreparedness of a country or a region on matters of food production. Regions that are unable to produce enough food consistently might fall into a situation of insecurity (Smith et al., 2017). Food insecurity can be caused by many parameters with the most common ones being famine, drought, and war. The failure to control the rate of countries and regions becoming food insecure has in many scenarios led to crisis across the world. The overall population of a country or region has an important role to play in matters of food production. Many factors profoundly influence population growth. One important factor is the amount of available food to the country (Frongillo et al., 2017).

Research has proved that countries that are food insecure not only have risks of having a weak population but as well as slow population growth. Directly population growth has a role to play in the economic growth of a county. Building resilient people requires enough food production and at the same time consistent production of quality food (Bhat, 2017).  Statistics across the world have included nations that have diminishing populations as a result of low food production. Countries like Somalia and Afghanistan have flat population growths because the states are acutely food insecure. The United Nations have presented interesting data on how nations have been struggling with matters of food insecurity since world war one and how this has negatively affected the population growth. Food insecurity and population growth are directly related and that if one does not work well, then the other one is also wanting (Unnevehr, 2015).

Factors Interrupting Food Flow

Food flow is interrupted by many factors. Most of these factors are either natural while the rest are human-made. Understanding the causative agents to the shortages of food flow is essential in overcoming issues of food insecurity. Drought and famine are the most common factors that lead to a lack of enough food supply to the population. Nations experiencing droughts and famines are not able to produce food as they are highly dependant on rain-fed agriculture (Bhat, 2017). Global water crisis, land degradation are also to blame for the shortages in food production and the interruption of food flow. Agricultural diseases are also a substantial contributing factor in the disruption of food flow in many countries. In African countries, agricultural diseases contribute to almost 30% of the overall reduction in food production every year. The political climate and bad politics can also be used to blame food insecurity. Failing to implement strong policies means that the inhabitants continue to depend on food aid and not in the actual solution finding (Frongillo et al., 2017).

Climate change has been uncontrollable over the last 20 years. Artificial factors have been at the forefront of contributing to food insecurity. Studies show that global food production has dropped with around 20% since mid 2000. The situation is still going to get worse as the existing climate cannot favor continuous food production. Reversing this will require human beings to start taking care of the fragile environment and probably affect the situation and make it favorable for food production again (Bhat, 2017). Wastages are also to be blamed for food insecurity. In SouthSudan alone farmers waste a lot of food during the production processes, and these cannot be compensated at any sage in the whole cycle. Globally, the rates at which food goes into waste is alarming, and this can only mean harder times soon. The using of land to produce non-food products has also led to a decreased production of food across the world. Some regions in South Sudan do not grow food crops, and this leads to the interruption of food flow.

Technologies to Improve Hunger and Food Security

Increasing food production in the 21 st century will require a different approach from which created the problem. Adopting technology and modern methods are, but this has to be done in ways that do not compromise the quality of food produced. Overcoming the menace will also require the input of different agencies as winning the war against food insecurity is not left to a single department. First, using and adopting irrigation-based agriculture is essential in boosting global food production (Unnevehr, 2015). Countries like South Sudan have experienced food insecurity in areas that rains tend to fail farmers. Development of drought-resistant breeds is essential and could help the country overcome the challenges of food production and food insecurity. Improved prediction of weather and pests control is also technology that can be used to minimize instances of inadequate food production across the world. Agriculture technology firms in the world have been able to create a database by which they can help farmers make decisions on what to plant and the production levels to expect. Improving data and information is vital in enhancing food production in different countries. Farmers can be able to produce more, minimize crop failure and build their resilience in matters of food production once they are given the right data and information (Stringer, 2016). Sick and poor policies by the policymakers have a significant role to play in the cycle of food production. To reverse this, developing nice and workable solutions through the strategies will be critical in changing the situation across the world. It is important to note that no single intervention can improve the situation without the interplay of the rest of the solutions. Reversing the effects of food insecurity and ensuring that nations hav enough food for their population will require coordination of all factors. Calling people to action will bring the right results, but this has to be backed by political goodwill and the desire to change the alarming situation(Unnevehr, 2015).

Winning the war of food insecurity is not a one day one agency thing. Producing enough food requires all stakeholders to be allowed to discuss from all perspectives on how to address the issue. Governments should be willing to give support and avail the necessary resources to deal with the problem. Political goodwill is essential in this cases; it is based on this that good policies can be formulated. Farmers across the world are also called upon to reduce wastages while at the same time focus on the production of food crops and not cash crops. Coming together to overcome climate change and land degradation will be vital in reversing the damages and thus boos food production in the coming years. I am however optimistic that soon food insecurity will be a thing of the past.

Frongillo, E. A., Nguyen, H. T., Smith, M. D., & Coleman-Jensen, A. (2017). Food insecurity is associated with subjective well-being among individuals from 138 countries in the 2014 Gallup world poll.  The Journal of nutrition ,  147 (4), 680-687.

Smith, M. D., Rabbitt, M. P., & Coleman-Jensen, A. (2017). Who is the world’s food insecure? New evidence from the Food and Agriculture Organization’s food insecurity experience scale. World Development ,  93 , 402-412.

Stringer, R. (2016). Food security global overview. In  Food Poverty and Insecurity: International Food Inequalities  (pp. 11-18). Springer, Cham.

Bhat, R. (2017). Food Sustainability Challenges in the Developing World.  Sustainability Challenges in the Agrofood Sector , 3-4.

Unnevehr, L. (2015). Food safety in developing countries: Moving beyond exports.  Global food security ,  4 , 24-29.

Food Security Outline

Thesis Statement: The discussion about food security is very relevant in today’s world since having a hungry world would mean unproductivity, instability and human suffering.

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Essays on Food Security

Introduction Food security is defined as the ability to deliver food to the market while also allowing individuals to access it. It refers to a plan to secure enough food for the inhabitants of a certain society so that there is no food shortage (Von Schomberg, 2012). Importance of Food Security Food security...

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Food security and sustainable production have become one of the most critical discussions among policymakers and commentators around the world, in light of a sustained global population explosion, scarcity and rapidly depleting resources, and documented adverse effects of climate change. As part of the discussion, everyone agreed that current agricultural...

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Carroll attempted to establish the dietary principles that should guide the choice of food in his article "Relax You Don't Need to Eat Clean" (Carroll n.p). He bases his arguments on other research studies and historical events in order to demonstrate the inconsistencies in the scientific attempt to define healthy...

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Food Security Essay

Type of paper: Essay

Topic: Food , Security , Food Security , World , FAO , United Nations , People , Insecurity

Published: 03/30/2023

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What Is Food Security?

Various organizations define food insecurity differently while explaining the same phenomenon. According to The World Food Summit held in October 1996, “Food security exist when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy lifestyle” (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2001, p. 4). It is important to note that the foregoing definition of food security focuses on the availability of food for everyone. This focus is because more people shifted from subsistence farming in favor of commercial farming thereby targeting industrial development. This shift has created considerable challenges, especially in the less developed and developing counties upon which the World Food Programme estimates that about 1.02 billion people are malnourished (World Food Programme, 2009). Some scholars believe that family planners have the responsibility of eradicating food insecurity by increasing the productivity of land. According to Brown, land productivity has slowed down since the 1990 given that despite the world population growth slowing for the past three decades, an estimated 76 million people continue to suffer food insecurity annually (Brown, 2005). The United Nation’s Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) defines food insecurity to mean a condition where people are living with hunger and constant fear of facing starvation (Alweendo, 2009). This means a condition where people are having difficulties accessing food for their daily sustenance. It is obvious that the perspective of FAO’s definition derives from security in terms of the supply, which would ensure that every person is able to access the basic foodstuffs through various means including ensuring price stability for the basic foodstuffs. As such, FAO considers the causes of food insecurity as rise in food prices, climate change, and Global water crisis. In order to have a better understanding of the gist of food security, the World Food Programme (WFP) takes the perspective of the consequences of food insecurity. In particular, the WFP looks at the way constant hunger and malnutrition affect people and future generations throughout the world (Braun, 1992). For instance, the WFP believes that Malnutrition contributes immensely to diseases and that it mostly affects children and pregnant women (World Food Programme, 2009). By focusing on the consequences of food insecurity, the WFP is indirectly defining food security to mean the situation where there are no diseases due to hunger and malnutrition. Most people consider the state as having the main responsibility of ensuring food security. For instance, intergovernmental policies and programs in the poor nations play an important role of creating awareness regarding food and agriculture with the able guidance of FAO (Hulse & National Research Council Canada, 1995). According to FAO, the main food security monitors are the nutritional surveillance systems, the market information systems, agricultural production monitoring, and social monitoring that focus on observing the vulnerable groups (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2001). Ultimately, access to food is at the core of food security as evidenced by The 1996 World Food Summit, the WFP, and FAO definitions of food security.

Alweendo, N. (2009). Namibia: Floods Reduce Food Security. Allafrica.com. Available from http://allafrica.com/stories/200907230894.html Braun, V. (1992). Improving food security of the poor: concept, policy, and programs. International Food Policy Research Institute. Brown, L. (2005). Outgrowing the Earth. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education 6(3), pp 224. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). (2001). Issue 6 of Handbook for Defining and Setting Up a Food Security Information and Early Warning System. FAO Rome, 2000. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/nr/climpag/pub/Manual%20of%20FSIEWS.pdf Hulse, H., & Canada, R. (1995). Science, agriculture and food security. NRC Research Press. World Food Programme (2009). Our Work. World Food Programme Available from http://www.wfp.org/our-work

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