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Load Test on Single Phase Transformer
by eees.in · September 13, 2021
LOAD TEST ON SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER
To perform load test on 1-phase transformer and determine the following:
- Efficiency at different loads and to plot efficiency vs. load curve.
- Regulation of the transformer and to plot regulation vs. load curve.
APPARATOUS REQUIRED :
Machines details :.
The transformer is a device which transfers energy from one electrical circuit to another electrical circuit through magnetic field as coupling medium. In this process it does not change the frequency of voltage or current. It works on the basic principle of electromagnetic induction (mutually induced e. m. f.). Being a static device it has a very high efficiency as compared to rotating machine of same rating as the losses are less.
When primary winding of transformer is energized with source of voltage V1 an e.m.f. E2 is induced across the secondary winding and it is also equal to secondary terminal voltage V2 till there is no load across secondary winding. As soon as load is applied across the secondary winding the terminal voltage is decreased from E2 to V2 this phenomenon of changing the voltage is called “voltage regulation”.
We can define voltage regulation in numerical term as “it is change in secondary terminal voltage from no load to full load with respect to the secondary no load voltage”.
The voltage regulation should be as small as possible. Transformer being highly inductive device works on lagging power factor unless the load of highly capacitive nature is connected across the secondary winding to make overall circuit resistive purely or capacitive in nature
PRECAUTIONS:
- Instruments used should be of proper range.
- All the connections should be tight.
- The parallax error should not be there.
- Give constants supply through the auto Transformer.
- Never touch live conductors or Terminals.
- Make the connections as per the circuit diagram.
- Keep the switch S on secondary side open so that load is zero to measure no load voltage. Also keep knob of auto transformer at zero output voltage position.
- Now increase the voltage through auto transformer until voltage in voltmeter V2 reads rated value of secondary winding & read no load voltage E2.
- Switch on certain lamps in the lamp in the bank load such that secondary winding current be approximately 10% of the rated current of secondary side.
- Take the readings from Wattmeter W2, Voltmeter V2, & Ammeter I2.
- Increase the load current in steps of 10% of the rated value by switching on few more lamps & take the readings of the Wattmeter, Ammeter & Voltmeter till it reaches 120-1255 of rated value.
- Reduce the load to zero by switching of the lamps one-by-one.
- Switch off the AC-Supply.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
TABULAR COLUMN:
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Load test on single phase transformer
To conduct the load test on the given a single phase transformer for finding the efficiency and its regulation.
Apparatus Required:
Formula used:.
- Percentage Regulation = (V o2 -V 2 ) /V o2 *100
Where V o2 = Secondary voltage on no load
V o = Secondary voltage at a particular load.
- Power factor = Pout/V 2 *I 2
Where Pout = Secondary wattmeter readings in Watts
V 2 = Secondary voltage in Volts
I 2 = Secondary current in Amps
- Percentage efficiency = Pout/Pin*100
Where Pout = Secondary wattmeter readings in Watts Pin = Primary
wattmeter readings in Watts.
Model Graph:
- Connections are given as per the circuit diagram.
- Verify whether the autotransformer is kept at zero voltage position.
- By closing the DPST switch, 230V, 1 φ, 50HZ AC supply is given to the transformer.
- At no load, the readings from the meters are noted down.
- The load is applied to the transformer in steps upto 125% of the rated value of the primary current by using rheostatic load.
- The corresponding values from the meters are tabulated for different loads.
- Then the load is removed gradually, auto transformer is brought to its minimum position and the supply is switched off.
- From the recorded values, the regulation, power factor and efficiency are calculated.
Tabulation:
Model calculation:.
Post lab Questions
- What will happen if a DC voltage is given to the transformer primary?
- What are the losses in a transformer?
- How can we minimize the core losses in a transformer?
- What is meant by eddy current losses?
- How hysteresis loss can be reduced?
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- 1 To conduct Open circuit vs Short circuit tests on single phase transformer
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LOAD TEST on single phase transformer with calculations
- Multiple Choice
Course : Basic Electrical And Electronics Engineering (18EES101J)
University : srm institute of science and technology.
- Discover more from: Basic Electrical And Electronics Engineering 18EES101J SRM Institute of Science and Technology 514 documents Go to course
- More from: Basic Electrical And Electronics Engineering 18EES101J SRM Institute of Science and Technology 514 documents Go to course
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IMAGES
COMMENTS
The purpose of load test is to determine the parallel operation and calculate the efficiency, thermal stability and dynamic stability of the power transformer through measuring the short circuit loss and impedance voltage of the power transformer. Experiment No. 4 Date : 17/12/2021 Load test on single phase transformer. Aim: To conduct the load ...
Sep 13, 2021 · Keep the switch S on secondary side open so that load is zero to measure no load voltage. Also keep knob of auto transformer at zero output voltage position. Now increase the voltage through auto transformer until voltage in voltmeter V2 reads rated value of secondary winding & read no load voltage E2.
Sep 24, 2023 · By closing the DPST switch, 230V, 1 φ, 50HZ AC supply is given to the transformer. At no load, the readings from the meters are noted down. The load is applied to the transformer in steps upto 125% of the rated value of the primary current by using rheostatic load. The corresponding values from the meters are tabulated for different loads.
In this video, you will come to know about Transformer Efficiency and Voltage Regulation by conducting a load test. Instagram: https://bit.ly/3lwQEKu FaceBoo...
This file contain Load Test Experiment with all calculations and result dept. of electrical electronics engineering srm institute of science and technology ...
List of Experiments of Electrical Machine-1 (PCEE-514) 1. To perform Open circuit and short circuit tests on a single phase transformer and hence find equivalent circuit, voltage regulation and efficiency. 2. To perform Load test on a single phase transformer. 3. To separate core losses of single phase transformer at no-load. 4.
On no-load, the approximate equivalent circuit shown in Fig.3 can be further reduced and is shown in Fig.5 (a). Under no-load condition the power input to the transformer is equal to the sum of losses in the primary winding resistance R1, (refer flg.2b) and core loss. Since, no load current is very small, the loss in winding resistance is ...
Efficiency of single-phase transformer by direct loading method; Theory: Although two chief difficulties which do not warrant the testing of large transformer by direct load test are: Large amount of energy has to be wasted in such a test. It is stupendous (impossible for large transformer) task to arrange a load large enough for direct loading.
Jul 1, 2021 · Fig. 1 Direct loading of a single phase transformer. Procedure of Direct Load Test on Transformer. By varying the load in suitable steps, readings are taken on all meters from no load to about 25% above full load. Suitable arrangement must be made using a variac or rheostat, so as to maintain the rated voltage across the primary throughout the ...
Behind the board of your station are three single phase transformers. Any one of them can be used as a single phase transformer. The three can also be connected together into a three phase transformer (Experiment #3). As discussed in the lecture, the simplified T-model of a single phase transformer is shown in figure 1 below.