how long are phd essays

How to Write a Doctoral Admissions Essay

Writing your doctoral admissions essay can feel like a big task but breaking it down into a few key components makes it manageable. At Touro University Worldwide, your essay should focus on three main areas: who you are, your career path, and your reasons for pursuing a doctorate. By organizing your thoughts around these points, you’ll create a clear and compelling essay that showcases your strengths and goals. Let’s take a closer look at what goes into writing a great doctoral admissions essay. 

Writing a Great Doctoral Admissions Essay

Each of the key elements, your biography, career plan, and doctoral program goals, work together to tell a complete story of who you are, your experience, and how the doctoral program will help you reach your career and research goals. By taking a step-by-step approach, you’ll not only clarify your ambitions but also show Touro University Worldwide why you’re an ideal fit for our program .

Biographical component:

In this section, describe your learning experiences, both in and out of the classroom. Focus on the most important lessons you’ve gained from formal education and any informal learning, such as internships or independent study. Include relevant work experience and previous research that shows how your skills have developed over time. Be sure to highlight your talents, passions, and motivation, connecting your journey to your decision to pursue a doctorate. 

Career plan component:

Here, explain your career goals and how they align with the doctoral program. Be specific about how the program will build on your background and help you move forward in your career. Detail how your previous experience has prepared you for the next step and how the doctoral program will help you reach those future milestones.

Doctoral program goals:

Start by explaining why you want to pursue doctoral study and why Touro University Worldwide is your program of choice. Talk about the research you’re passionate about and the areas you want to explore further. Include any specific skills you’re eager to develop or intellectual goals you want to achieve. If you already have ideas for your dissertation or research project, mention them here. Finally, connect all of these points to why you believe you’re uniquely suited to thrive in Touro University’s doctoral program.

Doctoral Admissions Essay Tips

Expect to write at least three drafts of your essay.

Your doctoral admissions essay should be a balance of information and compelling biographical narrative. The essay is a reflection of who you are and how you think, so make sure to be organized, writing with clarity and concision.

• Rough draft:    Get your ideas on paper without worrying too much about perfection. Afterward, proofread for basic errors and make any necessary edits
• Revised draft:   Make more in-depth revisions, focusing on improving the clarity, structure, and flow of your essay. Proofread again and polish the content.  
• Final draft:   This is where you ensure everything is perfect. Do a final proofread for grammar, punctuation, and overall presentation before submitting. Even the best writers can struggle to see their own mistakes, so it’s always a good idea to ask someone else to read your essay before you send it off.  

Balancing content and narrative

Your doctoral admissions essay should strike a balance between providing information and telling your story. It’s a reflection of who you are and how you think, so make sure your writing is clear, concise, and well-organized. Focus on making your narrative compelling, while still delivering key information about your background, career goals, and motivation. 

Submitting your essay

When submitting, include a cover letter and title your essay “Doctoral Admission Essay.” Don’t forget to date your submission and ensure all documents are addressed correctly to Touro University Worldwide. 

Touro University Worldwide Doctorate Degrees

Touro University Worldwide (TUW) offers a range of doctoral programs tailored for professionals aiming to advance in their careers.

• Doctor of Business Administration
• Doctor of Health Science
• Doctor of Management
• Doctorate of Marriage and Family Therapy
• Doctor of Psychology in Human and Organizational Psychology
• Doctor of Psychology in Human and Organizational Psychology – Organizational Leadership
• Doctorate of Physician Assistant

These doctorate degrees provide the tools and knowledge needed to help you achieve your academic and career goals. Following these steps will help you craft an essay that not only showcases your qualifications but also highlights why you’re the perfect fit for Touro University Worldwide. 

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How to Write a Grad School Application Essay

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Writing a graduate school admission essay can seem daunting. However, students can make the process easier by taking time to develop and organize their ideas before writing their personal statement.

Students can apply several practices to write a compelling grad school personal statement that gets readers to take notice. These steps include developing a solid outline, conveying a strong and memorable thesis, presenting specific points relevant to the topic, and taking sufficient time to edit and proofread the essay before submitting it.

What Is a Grad School Application Essay?

Graduate school admission or application essays allow graduate programs to get to know applicants better as people. Although an applicant’s grade point average (GPA), transcripts, and test scores tell part of their story, grad school essays allow students to show how their personalities, achievements, and past experiences inform their career interests and potential for academic success.

Graduate schools often ask for personal statements or letters of intent from applicants. Prospective graduate students should know what distinguishes these documents.

• A personal statement allows students some freedom to discuss how their past experiences, career goals, and interest in a prospective program have shaped their likelihood of success in and fit for graduate study.
• A statement of purpose describes a student’s reasons for applying to a program. The student typically explains how their career goals, qualifications, and research interests will affect their future beyond graduate school.
• A letter of intent is a brief essay describing a student’s skills, accomplishments, and goals that pertain to the field of study they aspire to pursue while in graduate school.

What Are Admissions Officers Looking for in a Grad School Essay?

In general, admissions personnel review these essays to determine how well students might fit in with a graduate program and succeed academically. Reviewers also look for a sense of how well prospective students handle stress, overcome challenges, and stand up to the demands of a rigorous program.

Grad school essays should shed light on how well students respond to criticism of their work. Also, graduate school provides a setting where individuals can explore diverse theories and perspectives. To this end, admissions personnel look for clues about students’ openness to different viewpoints and their ability to express their ideas in written form.

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What to Know Before You Start Writing

Review the prompt.

The prompt for the application essay gives students a sense of how to focus their writing. Before starting to write, students should read the instructions within the prompt carefully. These directions shed light on readers’ expectations.

Prompts for grad school application essays vary greatly, with some offering little detail on what the statement should cover. Applicants should pay close attention to the requirements, including word count, format, and submission method.

Brainstorm Ideas

Some graduate essay prompts offer few instructions or requirements, leaving applicants a lot of room for choosing a topic. To determine the most appropriate topic, focus, and personal examples to include, students should devote considerable time to brainstorming before they start writing.

Students should give themselves time to reflect on their strengths, accomplishments, and research interests. They should also consider the qualities they want in a graduate program and pick out benefits provided by the program so they can speak to the specific reasons they’re applying.

Create An Outline

Outlining is a crucial step in creating a compelling and memorable grad school personal statement. Just as architects need a blueprint to design and build a skyscraper, grad school applicants need a roadmap to organize and write their essays.

The most effective application essays include an attention-grabbing introduction, a body with solid and concise points, and a memorable conclusion. An outline will likely change somewhat during the writing process, but it still allows the writer to stay on top of the essay’s construction.

Know the Point You’re Trying to Get Across

A grad school personal statement should present a clear point or thesis to help it stand out. An overall thesis statement or claim answers the question, “What is this essay about?” A reader should not have to work hard to understand the thesis. If the point of an essay is unclear or confusing, an admissions officer might stop reading.

Applicants should place their thesis in the introduction so that the reader clearly understands what the following essay will address. Students can insert their thesis immediately after an anecdote, quotation, or other attention-getter to provide a smooth transition into the main topic.

Be Aware of Topics to Avoid

Brainstorming allows an applicant to consider a variety of topics and ways of writing about them. However, some subjects may be inappropriate for a grad school application essay because they could alienate certain readers or make them lose interest.

Topics that writers should consider omitting from an admission essay include the following:

• Traumatic personal experiences
• Subjects that make the writer appear overly negative or cynical
• An exhaustive list of accomplishments

Students should also avoid using well-known phrases or expressions. For example, common cliches offer virtually no advantage because they suggest little to no originality of thought. Also, students should not use words or terms (e.g., vulgar language) that detract from their professionalism.

What to Consider While You’re Writing

Grab the reader’s attention.

A strong grad school personal statement starts with writing a concise introduction that gains the reader’s attention. The writer can make the essay more memorable by using a brief anecdote, quotation, compelling statistic, or rhetorical question.

The introduction should also provide a clear preview or roadmap for the rest of the essay. After the attention-getter, the essay should quickly transition into the thesis statement or main idea, followed by a preview of the upcoming points.

Writers should revisit the introduction once their essay is complete to double-check that it accurately reflects the main points of the essay.

Be Authentic

Students should not just focus on what they think admissions personnel will want to read. Instead, they should use their voice to present their ideas in meaningful ways that reflect their true selves. In other words, write with authenticity. While the essay should reflect a polished draft, it should also show applicants as they are.

Graduate school applicants shouldn’t lie or misrepresent themselves in the grad school essay. In addition to strengths and accomplishments, admissions departments want to read what applicants say about their shortcomings and how they have worked to overcome them.

Be Relevant and Specific

While students can use creative anecdotes and personal examples, they need to make their points relevant to the prompt or question. Admissions personnel generally want to learn why students wish to enroll in the program and what makes them qualified. These elements can serve as the foundation when writing the main body of an essay .

Also, the main points should be specific. For example, in expressing why they are applying to a particular program, applicants can use a brief anecdote to explain their desire to work with a faculty member who shares their research interests. While stories and examples add a personal touch, they should not distract from essential information that grad schools want to know about an applicant.

Have a Strong Ending

When writing the conclusion of a graduate school admission essay, writers should restate the thesis and reiterate the main points. Rather than presenting new information, the ending should remind the reader of the statement’s main ideas. Furthermore, it should refer back to those points while giving the reader something to think about after they have finished reading.

A conclusion can also end by tying back to the attention-getting statement in the introduction. This stylistic device brings the whole essay full circle, provides a sense of closure, and strengthens the emotional connection with the reader.

What to Do When You’ve Finished Writing

Finishing the draft of a graduate school admission essay does not signal the end of the writing process. Rather, polishing the draft requires re-reading, editing, and getting feedback before submitting it.

Reread Your Draft

A grad school essay containing errors or reflecting poor writing does not leave a favorable impression. Re-reading the essay allows for catching mistakes, clearing up confusing sentences, and strengthening the main points.

Unfortunately, writers can gloss over errors after reading the essay just once. As a rule of thumb, when students believe their draft has gone through enough editing and proofreading, they might take a little more time and read the document one more time.

Edit Your Draft

Students should not confuse editing with proofreading — a step that involves checking for grammar, punctuation, and stylistic errors. Editing is a more substantive process that includes checking for conciseness and ensuring that ideas flow well. Proper editing also allows writers to determine whether each paragraph or section expresses a single thought and make sure that sentences are concise and clear.

Students should allow enough time to edit their essays. Also, reading the essay aloud can provide another way to catch mistakes or confusing phrases.

Get Feedback

Students should find individuals they trust to check their personal statement for clarity, errors, and other stylistic inconsistencies. Also, having others review the essay can give the applicant a sense of how others perceive its tone, organization, and potential to engage the reader.

Trusted peers, instructors, family members, friends, and students who have recently gone through the grad school application process often provide excellent feedback. Students can also seek out others who are applying to graduate school to share their personal statements and exchange constructive criticism.

Sample Grad School Application Essay

Prompt: Why do you wish to pursue a graduate degree in communication studies at the University of Oklahoma and how does it relate to your career goals?

Three years ago, I underwent a breast biopsy after two mammograms failed to rule out a suspicious lump. I met with my oncological surgeon before she was to perform the procedure. Although her technical skills were superior, her bedside manner left me feeling scared, uncertain, and lacking confidence in my capacity to handle a possible cancer diagnosis. Moreover, my doctor’s inability to relate to me personally left me feeling powerless in meeting my health needs as a patient.

In poor health, many people feel robbed of their dignity. One of the most critical settings where patients can maintain dignity is during a doctor’s visit. I wish to conduct research and teach courses in an academic setting to explore how doctor-patient interactions can help patients gain more confidence and improve their health outcomes. To this end, I am applying to the Communication Department at the University of Oklahoma to pursue a master’s degree specializing in health communication. This master’s will then allow me to continue my studies and earn a doctorate in this area.

I first learned a great deal about doctor-patient interactions while taking an undergraduate health communication class from Dr. Edith McNulty at the University of Nebraska. Dr. McNulty’s class informed the way I view my breast biopsy experience. After completing her class, I enrolled in an independent study with Dr. McNulty transcribing qualitative interviews she conducted with patients. Through this independent study, I also learned how to perform constant comparative coding of those transcripts.

My independent study has fueled my interest in researching health communication and teaching classes on the subject. My interest in the communication studies program at Oklahoma stems partly from my interest in Dr. Dan O’Malley’s studies of patients’ expressions of ethnicity when they encounter healthcare workers. Working with Dr. O’Malley could expand my healthcare interest to include ethnicity as a factor in these settings.

I also am familiar with Dr. Wendy Wasser’s research on communication efficacy during online video appointments. Given that increasing numbers of patients rely on telemedicine to receive their healthcare, studying with Dr. Wasser can help me understand the role of new communication technologies in doctor’s visits.

Although my breast biopsy from three years ago was benign, I know that other patients are not as fortunate in their health outlook. All patients have the right to quality communication during doctor visits to help them gain confidence and take proactive measures toward their healthcare. My pursuit of a master’s in health communication at the University of Oklahoma can set me on a path to contributing to our understanding of the interpersonal impact of doctor-patient interactions on medical care and patient well-being.

Frequently Asked Questions About Grad School Application Essays

How long should a grad school application essay be.

Most applicants should expect to write at least 500 words for their grad school admission essay. However, length varies by graduate program. Many application materials contain specific instructions on how to write the essay, including word limits.

What should I title my application essay for grad school?

If an online application submission page includes a text box for the title, the applicant should follow the word or character limit and make the title relevant to their grad school personal statement. However, students do not need to add a title if the application does not require it.

How do I make my application essay stand out for grad school?

Prospective students should write a clear and compelling grad school essay free of errors. Also, the statement should help make the applicant stand out from their peers. It can include specific examples of unique experiences that illustrate students’ strengths and abilities.

What should you not do in an application essay for grad school?

Students should not wander off topic when answering a prompt, especially if it asks a specific question. Also, an essay should not include so many personal examples that they read as a list. Instead, the applicant can provide a brief anecdote for each main point they want to make.

How do you answer grad school application essay questions?

The best graduate school admission essays have a clear thesis statement and good organization. They also grab the reader’s attention right away and maintain it to the end. The best essays also reflect the writer’s careful attention to the application instructions by addressing the prompt thoroughly.

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• Essay Editor

How Long Is An Essay

If you are a student, you undoubtedly face the question of how long your essays should be. The short answer to this question is that it depends. However, there are certain constructs that you should keep in mind regardless of the length of time your professor requires. Academic writing is a fine art, after all.

In this article, we will provide an overview of typical essay lengths and the components that they should include. 

One thing that you should keep in mind is that essays are different from research papers and theses. They are significantly shorter, but nonetheless, there is a specific structure to them that you should familiarize yourself with if you are in school.

Are there specific word requirements for essay length?

There may very well be specific requirements for word count for any given essay. This, of course, depends on your professor and the nature of what you are writing about. So, how many words should you include? 

This depends on a number of factors, as we will illustrate below. First, we should provide a breakdown of the components of the standard essay.

Breakdown of essay components

One important thing to keep in mind when constructing your essay is the relative length of your paragraphs. Keep in mind that paragraphs should be roughly equal in length, except for the introduction and conclusion, which can be shorter. 

This does not mean that you have to count every word in each paragraph to make sure they are identical, but you should be able to eyeball the main body of your essay and have the paragraphs be more or less the same length.

By the time you get to high school, your essays should be more substantial in length. You will be required to write essays that are several pages long. Nonetheless, they should continue to follow the same standard format.

Basic essay components

How many words are in an essay? Essential essay components that every essay should contain include the following:

• An introduction, a body, and a conclusion. These are absolute requirements regardless of the instructor or subject
• There are generally five paragraphs to any given essay, with three of them comprising the main body.
• There is a specific breakdown of sentences within any given paragraph. Each paragraph should begin with a topic sentence that introduces what the paragraph will be about and have a conclusion.

Introductions

Note that introductions should be one paragraph in length for high school-level essays. Your introduction should pique the reader’s interest in what you are going to write. For college admissions essays, the word count should be about 100 words. 

It should open up with a strong statement that leads smoothly into the rest of your essay. The last sentence of an introductory paragraph should be your thesis statement. 

Your thesis statement will describe what your essay is going to be about. For longer essays that you write in college or graduate school, introductions are generally longer.

Body paragraphs

It is in your body paragraphs that you provide the substance of your essay. They should contain a logical writing series of examples that support your main thesis statement. How many paragraphs? It depends.

As you write and review an essay, you should think about the placement of your examples and whether or not they are relevant to the paragraphs you put them in, in the right order, etc. You might want to adjust them as you go along for clarity. Correct paragraph wording and paragraph writing are critical to success. There should be a word limit to any given paragraph if it is too out of proportion with the others.

Your conclusion is where you summarize the points made in the body of your essay and reiterate your main point. 

The conclusion is a short but important part of the essay as it is the last thing that people will read, and it will stay in their minds. So, you should think carefully about the way you word your conclusion and be prepared to revise it as you revise other parts of the essay.

Writing a college essay

By the time you get to college essays, word count requirements will be different. For undergraduate essays, you will be constructing pieces that are at least three pages long. For topics of greater significance or ones that are more broad, essays might be 4 or 5 pages long. 

Be mindful of the fact that an extended essay that exceeds 5 pages in length might be considered a research paper rather than an essay, and this entails an entirely different set of requirements. In other words, you should remain within the page limits of your subject and not be too long or too short. There are often word limits that you need to observe.

Rambling in a college essay will be perceived as empty for the sake of filling up space and will be frowned upon by professors. So, how long is an essay? It depends on the requirements and quality.

Requirements for different levels of education

As mentioned above, there are different requirements for essay length for different levels of education. In the sections below, we will provide general guidelines for every academic level.

University level

By the time you get to college, you should know how to write a decent essay of significant essay length.  An undergraduate college essay should start at a word count of approximately 1500 words or 5 pages and might have a word limit. 

There are many factors involved in how long undergraduate essays should be, including the subject, the college a student is in, and the department. There is also a range of course levels that dictate different lengths of essays. Word count is critical at every stage.

College courses are divided into different course levels: 100-level courses (101, 102, etc.), 200-level courses, and so on, with each level designating a different year that students might be in. 100-level courses are for freshmen, 200-level for sophomores, etc. 

Another thing to keep in mind is that many colleges require freshman-level writing courses for all new students. Some students might enter engineering programs without strong skills, for example. 

Or there may be foreign students who come in with excellent credentials in certain subject areas but are not yet strong writers. For whatever reason, students can have vastly different skills when they first start college, and this is why schools almost universally require freshman courses.

Graduate school

When students get to the point of entering master’s programs, they are expected to have mastered the art of basic writing. Master’s-level analytical essays are similar in structure to undergraduate ones but more substantial in length, although they too usually have a word limit and specific limitations on content. 

And again, the subject has a large bearing on the word requirement. Graduate essays involve data collection and can have a word count of 2000-6000 words, but sometimes shorter. Sometimes, if students have to write on a scientific topic, the length can be much shorter, but the content requirements are significantly more detailed.

Word count for research papers

Truly, academic style really starts to take shape when you get to a PhD program. Serious research papers are much more substantial. By the time you get to doing serious research - whether it be for a master’s thesis, a PhD dissertation, or a postgraduate extensive research study, they can have a word count as long as 10,000 words or even longer.

Research papers generally involve a study of a very particular subject. The goal of writing a research paper is to explore a topic that has not been explored by other authors before. While this is not always possible, you are expected to illustrate your own data analysis skills and try to analyze a subject in your own unique way. This should help you figure out how long an essay is.

Things to keep in mind

As mentioned above, essay length is important, and the length of an essay is an essential part of what professors are looking for, but it is not the only criterion for grading. There are also many specific requirements with regard to how essays are written, the kind of language used, and overall construction.

Major points to keep in mind include:

• You shouldn’t use excessively wordy expressions or run-on sentences. Unless the class you are in is poetry, you should stick to the standard constructs of the subject you are working on.
• Do not leave out any major components required by the essay instructions. When you receive any given assignment, make a note of the major requirements of the topic and devise a plan for constructing your essay. We will discuss the outline further below.

When to use your own style

The idea of expressing your personality should seem like a welcome thing in writing. After all, you want your teachers and professors to hear your own personal voice. Anyone can regurgitate something they read in a textbook, but many writers would rather show their professors what they are all about.

This is fine if you do it right. But you don’t want to simply start expressing ideas in an emotional or unconstructed manner without following the rules. Be sure that you are firmly grounded both in the mechanics and structure of essay writing before you start adding variations. Having a thorough grasp of the finer points of English grammar is an essential part of this. 

Construction and outlining

In order to keep within the expected word count for any given essay, it is a good idea to learn proper essay construction. Essay outlines generally look something like this:

• Introduction
• Example 2, etc

The ability to create a solid outline will do you well in your future academic career. Lower-level outlines are fairly simple, but by the time you get to graduate school, they will become much more complex. 

And you will need them to help you keep sight of your work. It is very easy to get entrenched in the details of writing, particularly at the graduate level. Outlines help us stay organized and keep an eye on the whole product of what we are doing. 

Figuring out how long an essay should be and the right word count is critical to achieving success in writing. There are different requirements for essay length at different levels of education: the high school essay, college essay, etc, are all different. How long your essays are depends on several factors: what level of education you are currently studying, the type of degree course you are in, individual essay requirements, etc.

The important thing is that you familiarize yourself with the process and get in the habit of writing early. By the time you write your college application essay, you should have already written hundreds of essays and know the basic formula. And don’t be afraid to ask people for help or for opinions about your writing; it will only help you grow.

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Section 8 of the AMCAS® Application: Essays

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Every applicant is required to submit a Personal Comments essay. The available space for this essay is 5,300 characters (spaces are counted as characters), or approximately one page. You will receive an error message if you exceed the available space. Click the "What information should I consider including in my personal comments?" link in the application or see Section 8 of the  AMCAS Applicant Guide  for suggestions of things to think about when writing this essay.

• If you're applying to an MD-PhD program, you must complete two additional essays: the MD-PhD Essay and the Significant Research Experience Essay.
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Tips for writing a PhD dissertation: FAQs answered

From how to choose a topic to writing the abstract and managing work-life balance through the years it takes to complete a doctorate, here we collect expert advice to get you through the PhD writing process

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Embarking on a PhD is “probably the most challenging task that a young scholar attempts to do”, write Mark Stephan Felix and Ian Smith in their practical guide to dissertation and thesis writing. After years of reading and research to answer a specific question or proposition, the candidate will submit about 80,000 words that explain their methods and results and demonstrate their unique contribution to knowledge. Here are the answers to frequently asked questions about writing a doctoral thesis or dissertation .

What’s the difference between a dissertation and a thesis?

Whatever the genre of the doctorate, a PhD must offer an original contribution to knowledge. The terms “dissertation” and “thesis” both refer to the long-form piece of work produced at the end of a research project and are often used interchangeably. Which one is used might depend on the country, discipline or university. In the UK, “thesis” is generally used for the work done for a PhD, while a “dissertation” is written for a master’s degree. The US did the same until the 1960s, says Oxbridge Essays, when the convention switched, and references appeared to a “master’s thesis” and “doctoral dissertation”. To complicate matters further, undergraduate long essays are also sometimes referred to as a thesis or dissertation.

The Oxford English Dictionary defines “thesis” as “a dissertation, especially by a candidate for a degree” and “dissertation” as “a detailed discourse on a subject, especially one submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of a degree or diploma”.

• Ten platinum rules for PhD supervisors
• Fostering freedom in PhD students: how supervisors can shape accessible paths for doctoral research
• Lessons from students on effective research supervision

The title “doctor of philosophy”, incidentally, comes from the degree’s origins, write Dr Felix, an associate professor at Mahidol University in Thailand, and Dr Smith, retired associate professor of education at the University of Sydney , whose co-authored guide focuses on the social sciences. The PhD was first awarded in the 19th century by the philosophy departments of German universities, which at that time taught science, social science and liberal arts.

How long should a PhD thesis be?

A PhD thesis (or dissertation) is typically 60,000 to 120,000 words ( 100 to 300 pages in length ) organised into chapters, divisions and subdivisions (with roughly 10,000 words per chapter) – from introduction (with clear aims and objectives) to conclusion.

The structure of a dissertation will vary depending on discipline (humanities, social sciences and STEM all have their own conventions), location and institution. Examples and guides to structure proliferate online. The University of Salford , for example, lists: title page, declaration, acknowledgements, abstract, table of contents, lists of figures, tables and abbreviations (where needed), chapters, appendices and references.

A scientific-style thesis will likely need: introduction, literature review, materials and methods, results, discussion, bibliography and references.

As well as checking the overall criteria and expectations of your institution for your research, consult your school handbook for the required length and format (font, layout conventions and so on) for your dissertation.

A PhD takes three to four years to complete; this might extend to six to eight years for a part-time doctorate.

What are the steps for completing a PhD?

Before you get started in earnest , you’ll likely have found a potential supervisor, who will guide your PhD journey, and done a research proposal (which outlines what you plan to research and how) as part of your application, as well as a literature review of existing scholarship in the field, which may form part of your final submission.

In the UK, PhD candidates undertake original research and write the results in a thesis or dissertation, says author and vlogger Simon Clark , who posted videos to YouTube throughout his own PhD journey . Then they submit the thesis in hard copy and attend the viva voce (which is Latin for “living voice” and is also called an oral defence or doctoral defence) to convince the examiners that their work is original, understood and all their own. Afterwards, if necessary, they make changes and resubmit. If the changes are approved, the degree is awarded.

The steps are similar in Australia , although candidates are mostly assessed on their thesis only; some universities may include taught courses, and some use a viva voce. A PhD in Australia usually takes three years full time.

In the US, the PhD process begins with taught classes (similar to a taught master’s) and a comprehensive exam (called a “field exam” or “dissertation qualifying exam”) before the candidate embarks on their original research. The whole journey takes four to six years.

A PhD candidate will need three skills and attitudes to get through their doctoral studies, says Tara Brabazon , professor of cultural studies at Flinders University in Australia who has written extensively about the PhD journey :

• master the academic foundational skills (research, writing, ability to navigate different modalities)
• time-management skills and the ability to focus on reading and writing
• determined motivation to do a PhD.

How do I choose the topic for my PhD dissertation or thesis?

It’s important to find a topic that will sustain your interest for the years it will take to complete a PhD. “Finding a sustainable topic is the most important thing you [as a PhD student] would do,” says Dr Brabazon in a video for Times Higher Education . “Write down on a big piece of paper all the topics, all the ideas, all the questions that really interest you, and start to cross out all the ones that might just be a passing interest.” Also, she says, impose the “Who cares? Who gives a damn?” question to decide if the topic will be useful in a future academic career.

The availability of funding and scholarships is also often an important factor in this decision, says veteran PhD supervisor Richard Godwin, from Harper Adams University .

Define a gap in knowledge – and one that can be questioned, explored, researched and written about in the time available to you, says Gina Wisker, head of the Centre for Learning and Teaching at the University of Brighton. “Set some boundaries,” she advises. “Don’t try to ask everything related to your topic in every way.”

James Hartley, research professor in psychology at Keele University, says it can also be useful to think about topics that spark general interest. If you do pick something that taps into the zeitgeist, your findings are more likely to be noticed.

You also need to find someone else who is interested in it, too. For STEM candidates , this will probably be a case of joining a team of people working in a similar area where, ideally, scholarship funding is available. A centre for doctoral training (CDT) or doctoral training partnership (DTP) will advertise research projects. For those in the liberal arts and social sciences, it will be a matter of identifying a suitable supervisor .

Avoid topics that are too broad (hunger across a whole country, for example) or too narrow (hunger in a single street) to yield useful solutions of academic significance, write Mark Stephan Felix and Ian Smith. And ensure that you’re not repeating previous research or trying to solve a problem that has already been answered. A PhD thesis must be original.

What is a thesis proposal?

After you have read widely to refine your topic and ensure that it and your research methods are original, and discussed your project with a (potential) supervisor, you’re ready to write a thesis proposal , a document of 1,500 to 3,000 words that sets out the proposed direction of your research. In the UK, a research proposal is usually part of the application process for admission to a research degree. As with the final dissertation itself, format varies among disciplines, institutions and countries but will usually contain title page, aims, literature review, methodology, timetable and bibliography. Examples of research proposals are available online.

How to write an abstract for a dissertation or thesis

The abstract presents your thesis to the wider world – and as such may be its most important element , says the NUI Galway writing guide. It outlines the why, how, what and so what of the thesis . Unlike the introduction, which provides background but not research findings, the abstract summarises all sections of the dissertation in a concise, thorough, focused way and demonstrates how well the writer understands their material. Check word-length limits with your university – and stick to them. About 300 to 500 words is a rough guide ­– but it can be up to 1,000 words.

The abstract is also important for selection and indexing of your thesis, according to the University of Melbourne guide , so be sure to include searchable keywords.

It is the first thing to be read but the last element you should write. However, Pat Thomson , professor of education at the University of Nottingham , advises that it is not something to be tackled at the last minute.

How to write a stellar conclusion

As well as chapter conclusions, a thesis often has an overall conclusion to draw together the key points covered and to reflect on the unique contribution to knowledge. It can comment on future implications of the research and open up new ideas emanating from the work. It is shorter and more general than the discussion chapter , says online editing site Scribbr, and reiterates how the work answers the main question posed at the beginning of the thesis. The conclusion chapter also often discusses the limitations of the research (time, scope, word limit, access) in a constructive manner.

It can be useful to keep a collection of ideas as you go – in the online forum DoctoralWriting SIG , academic developer Claire Aitchison, of the University of South Australia , suggests using a “conclusions bank” for themes and inspirations, and using free-writing to keep this final section fresh. (Just when you feel you’ve run out of steam.) Avoid aggrandising or exaggerating the impact of your work. It should remind the reader what has been done, and why it matters.

How to format a bibliography (or where to find a reliable model)

Most universities use a preferred style of references , writes THE associate editor Ingrid Curl. Make sure you know what this is and follow it. “One of the most common errors in academic writing is to cite papers in the text that do not then appear in the bibliography. All references in your thesis need to be cross-checked with the bibliography before submission. Using a database during your research can save a great deal of time in the writing-up process.”

A bibliography contains not only works cited explicitly but also those that have informed or contributed to the research – and as such illustrates its scope; works are not limited to written publications but include sources such as film or visual art.

Examiners can start marking from the back of the script, writes Dr Brabazon. “Just as cooks are judged by their ingredients and implements, we judge doctoral students by the calibre of their sources,” she advises. She also says that candidates should be prepared to speak in an oral examination of the PhD about any texts included in their bibliography, especially if there is a disconnect between the thesis and the texts listed.

Can I use informal language in my PhD?

Don’t write like a stereotypical academic , say Kevin Haggerty, professor of sociology at the University of Alberta , and Aaron Doyle, associate professor in sociology at Carleton University , in their tongue-in-cheek guide to the PhD journey. “If you cannot write clearly and persuasively, everything about PhD study becomes harder.” Avoid jargon, exotic words, passive voice and long, convoluted sentences – and work on it consistently. “Writing is like playing guitar; it can improve only through consistent, concerted effort.”

Be deliberate and take care with your writing . “Write your first draft, leave it and then come back to it with a critical eye. Look objectively at the writing and read it closely for style and sense,” advises THE ’s Ms Curl. “Look out for common errors such as dangling modifiers, subject-verb disagreement and inconsistency. If you are too involved with the text to be able to take a step back and do this, then ask a friend or colleague to read it with a critical eye. Remember Hemingway’s advice: ‘Prose is architecture, not interior decoration.’ Clarity is key.”

How often should a PhD candidate meet with their supervisor?

Since the PhD supervisor provides a range of support and advice – including on research techniques, planning and submission – regular formal supervisions are essential, as is establishing a line of contact such as email if the candidate needs help or advice outside arranged times. The frequency varies according to university, discipline and individual scholars.

Once a week is ideal, says Dr Brabazon. She also advocates a two-hour initial meeting to establish the foundations of the candidate-supervisor relationship .

The University of Edinburgh guide to writing a thesis suggests that creating a timetable of supervisor meetings right at the beginning of the research process will allow candidates to ensure that their work stays on track throughout. The meetings are also the place to get regular feedback on draft chapters.

“A clear structure and a solid framework are vital for research,” writes Dr Godwin on THE Campus . Use your supervisor to establish this and provide a realistic view of what can be achieved. “It is vital to help students identify the true scientific merit, the practical significance of their work and its value to society.”

How to proofread your dissertation (what to look for)

Proofreading is the final step before printing and submission. Give yourself time to ensure that your work is the best it can be . Don’t leave proofreading to the last minute; ideally, break it up into a few close-reading sessions. Find a quiet place without distractions. A checklist can help ensure that all aspects are covered.

Proofing is often helped by a change of format – so it can be easier to read a printout rather than working off the screen – or by reading sections out of order. Fresh eyes are better at spotting typographical errors and inconsistencies, so leave time between writing and proofreading. Check with your university’s policies before asking another person to proofread your thesis for you.

As well as close details such as spelling and grammar, check that all sections are complete, all required elements are included , and nothing is repeated or redundant. Don’t forget to check headings and subheadings. Does the text flow from one section to another? Is the structure clear? Is the work a coherent whole with a clear line throughout?

Ensure consistency in, for example, UK v US spellings, capitalisation, format, numbers (digits or words, commas, units of measurement), contractions, italics and hyphenation. Spellchecks and online plagiarism checkers are also your friend.

How do you manage your time to complete a PhD dissertation?

Treat your PhD like a full-time job, that is, with an eight-hour working day. Within that, you’ll need to plan your time in a way that gives a sense of progress . Setbacks and periods where it feels as if you are treading water are all but inevitable, so keeping track of small wins is important, writes A Happy PhD blogger Luis P. Prieto.

Be specific with your goals – use the SMART acronym (specific, measurable, attainable, relevant and timely).

And it’s never too soon to start writing – even if early drafts are overwritten and discarded.

“ Write little and write often . Many of us make the mistake of taking to writing as one would take to a sprint, in other words, with relatively short bursts of intense activity. Whilst this can prove productive, generally speaking it is not sustainable…In addition to sustaining your activity, writing little bits on a frequent basis ensures that you progress with your thinking. The comfort of remaining in abstract thought is common; writing forces us to concretise our thinking,” says Christian Gilliam, AHSS researcher developer at the University of Cambridge ’s Centre for Teaching and Learning.

Make time to write. “If you are more alert early in the day, find times that suit you in the morning; if you are a ‘night person’, block out some writing sessions in the evenings,” advises NUI Galway’s Dermot Burns, a lecturer in English and creative arts. Set targets, keep daily notes of experiment details that you will need in your thesis, don’t confuse writing with editing or revising – and always back up your work.

What work-life balance tips should I follow to complete my dissertation?

During your PhD programme, you may have opportunities to take part in professional development activities, such as teaching, attending academic conferences and publishing your work. Your research may include residencies, field trips or archive visits. This will require time-management skills as well as prioritising where you devote your energy and factoring in rest and relaxation. Organise your routine to suit your needs , and plan for steady and regular progress.

How to deal with setbacks while writing a thesis or dissertation

Have a contingency plan for delays or roadblocks such as unexpected results.

Accept that writing is messy, first drafts are imperfect, and writer’s block is inevitable, says Dr Burns. His tips for breaking it include relaxation to free your mind from clutter, writing a plan and drawing a mind map of key points for clarity. He also advises feedback, reflection and revision: “Progressing from a rough version of your thoughts to a superior and workable text takes time, effort, different perspectives and some expertise.”

“Academia can be a relentlessly brutal merry-go-round of rejection, rebuttal and failure,” writes Lorraine Hope , professor of applied cognitive psychology at the University of Portsmouth, on THE Campus. Resilience is important. Ensure that you and your supervisor have a relationship that supports open, frank, judgement-free communication.

If you would like advice and insight from academics and university staff delivered direct to your inbox each week, sign up for the Campus newsletter .

Authoring a PhD Thesis: How to Plan, Draft, Write and Finish a Doctoral Dissertation (2003), by Patrick Dunleavy

Writing Your Dissertation in Fifteen Minutes a Day: A Guide to Starting, Revising, and Finishing Your Doctoral Thesis (1998), by Joan Balker

Challenges in Writing Your Dissertation: Coping with the Emotional, Interpersonal, and Spiritual Struggles (2015), by Noelle Sterne

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Essay and dissertation writing skills

Planning your essay

Writing your introduction

Structuring your essay

• Writing essays in science subjects
• Brief video guides to support essay planning and writing
• Writing extended essays and dissertations
• Planning your dissertation writing time

Structuring your dissertation

• Top tips for writing longer pieces of work

Advice on planning and writing essays and dissertations

University essays differ from school essays in that they are less concerned with what you know and more concerned with how you construct an argument to answer the question. This means that the starting point for writing a strong essay is to first unpick the question and to then use this to plan your essay before you start putting pen to paper (or finger to keyboard).

A really good starting point for you are these short, downloadable Tips for Successful Essay Writing and Answering the Question resources. Both resources will help you to plan your essay, as well as giving you guidance on how to distinguish between different sorts of essay questions. 

You may find it helpful to watch this seven-minute video on six tips for essay writing which outlines how to interpret essay questions, as well as giving advice on planning and structuring your writing:

Different disciplines will have different expectations for essay structure and you should always refer to your Faculty or Department student handbook or course Canvas site for more specific guidance.

However, broadly speaking, all essays share the following features:

Essays need an introduction to establish and focus the parameters of the discussion that will follow. You may find it helpful to divide the introduction into areas to demonstrate your breadth and engagement with the essay question. You might define specific terms in the introduction to show your engagement with the essay question; for example, ‘This is a large topic which has been variously discussed by many scientists and commentators. The principal tension is between the views of X and Y who define the main issues as…’ Breadth might be demonstrated by showing the range of viewpoints from which the essay question could be considered; for example, ‘A variety of factors including economic, social and political, influence A and B. This essay will focus on the social and economic aspects, with particular emphasis on…..’

Watch this two-minute video to learn more about how to plan and structure an introduction:

The main body of the essay should elaborate on the issues raised in the introduction and develop an argument(s) that answers the question. It should consist of a number of self-contained paragraphs each of which makes a specific point and provides some form of evidence to support the argument being made. Remember that a clear argument requires that each paragraph explicitly relates back to the essay question or the developing argument.

• Conclusion: An essay should end with a conclusion that reiterates the argument in light of the evidence you have provided; you shouldn’t use the conclusion to introduce new information.
• References: You need to include references to the materials you’ve used to write your essay. These might be in the form of footnotes, in-text citations, or a bibliography at the end. Different systems exist for citing references and different disciplines will use various approaches to citation. Ask your tutor which method(s) you should be using for your essay and also consult your Department or Faculty webpages for specific guidance in your discipline. 

Essay writing in science subjects

If you are writing an essay for a science subject you may need to consider additional areas, such as how to present data or diagrams. This five-minute video gives you some advice on how to approach your reading list, planning which information to include in your answer and how to write for your scientific audience – the video is available here:

A PDF providing further guidance on writing science essays for tutorials is available to download.

Short videos to support your essay writing skills

There are many other resources at Oxford that can help support your essay writing skills and if you are short on time, the Oxford Study Skills Centre has produced a number of short (2-minute) videos covering different aspects of essay writing, including:

• Approaching different types of essay questions  
• Structuring your essay  
• Writing an introduction  
• Making use of evidence in your essay writing  
• Writing your conclusion

Extended essays and dissertations

Longer pieces of writing like extended essays and dissertations may seem like quite a challenge from your regular essay writing. The important point is to start with a plan and to focus on what the question is asking. A PDF providing further guidance on planning Humanities and Social Science dissertations is available to download.

Planning your time effectively

Try not to leave the writing until close to your deadline, instead start as soon as you have some ideas to put down onto paper. Your early drafts may never end up in the final work, but the work of committing your ideas to paper helps to formulate not only your ideas, but the method of structuring your writing to read well and conclude firmly.

Although many students and tutors will say that the introduction is often written last, it is a good idea to begin to think about what will go into it early on. For example, the first draft of your introduction should set out your argument, the information you have, and your methods, and it should give a structure to the chapters and sections you will write. Your introduction will probably change as time goes on but it will stand as a guide to your entire extended essay or dissertation and it will help you to keep focused.

The structure of  extended essays or dissertations will vary depending on the question and discipline, but may include some or all of the following:

• The background information to - and context for - your research. This often takes the form of a literature review.
• Explanation of the focus of your work.
• Explanation of the value of this work to scholarship on the topic.
• List of the aims and objectives of the work and also the issues which will not be covered because they are outside its scope.

The main body of your extended essay or dissertation will probably include your methodology, the results of research, and your argument(s) based on your findings.

The conclusion is to summarise the value your research has added to the topic, and any further lines of research you would undertake given more time or resources. 

Tips on writing longer pieces of work

Approaching each chapter of a dissertation as a shorter essay can make the task of writing a dissertation seem less overwhelming. Each chapter will have an introduction, a main body where the argument is developed and substantiated with evidence, and a conclusion to tie things together. Unlike in a regular essay, chapter conclusions may also introduce the chapter that will follow, indicating how the chapters are connected to one another and how the argument will develop through your dissertation.

For further guidance, watch this two-minute video on writing longer pieces of work . 

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Getting Started with PhD Essay: A Guide for Beginner

By: Nova A.

Reviewed By: Chris H.

Published on: Feb 28, 2023

PhD students often struggle to get started with their PhD essays. Writing a PhD essay can be an intimidating and overwhelming task, especially for those who are new to the process.

The stakes are high for your PhD essay, and the pressure to make it perfect can be overwhelming. 

Fortunately, there is help available! 

We'll show you how to plan out your ideas, craft compelling arguments, and ensure that every detail is perfect before submitting your work. 

Get ready - let's get started on writing a winning PhD Essay!

On this Page

What is a PhD Essay?

A PhD essay is a type of written assignment students must complete as part of the requirements for their PhD program. PhD essays typically involve analyzing an issue, presenting an argument, and providing evidence to support your claims. 

These essays should be well-researched and written in a scholarly manner. 

The goal of writing an essay is to showcase your critical thinking abilities. Demonstrate your ability to engage in meaningful scholarly dialogue. Your essay should be well-structured, concise, and clearly written. 

PhD essays include critical analyses, expository essays , argumentative essays , persuasive essays , personal statements and response papers.

How Long a PhD Essay Should be?

Generally speaking, PhD essay length should range from 2500 to 3500 words. Depending on the prompt given and specific requirements, students may be asked to write longer or shorter essays. 

Paper Due? Why Suffer? That's our Job!

Format of PhD Essay 

When you have a PhD essay to write, where do you start? What format do you use? 

Here’s a quick run-down of what you need to know about writing a PhD essay.

Introduction and Thesis Statement

Every PhD essay should begin with an introduction paragraph that includes a thesis statement . 

This is your opportunity to set the tone for your entire essay. Let the reader know exactly what they can expect from your work. 

Keep it brief and make sure that your thesis statement answers the question or essay topic discussed in the paper. 

Body Paragraphs

The body of your PhD essay should contain several well-thought out paragraphs. Each include their own topic sentence and supporting evidence from primary and secondary sources. 

Depending on the length of your essay, this could range from 3-5+ paragraphs. 

Make sure to stay focused on one main idea per paragraph. It is easy for readers to understand and follow along with your ideas.  

Conclusion 

Ending strong is just as important as starting off right! 

Summarize all of the main points in your conclusion paragraph without repeating yourself too much. 

Finally, make sure that you restate or rephrase your thesis statement so that it gives readers closure on the topic at hand. 

How To Write a Phd Essay? 

With the right attitude and strategy, writing a PhD essay doesn’t have to be as daunting as it sounds. 

Here are some tips on how to craft the perfect PhD essay. 

Brainstorm for Ideas 

The first step in writing a PhD essay is brainstorming for ideas. 

Take some time to think about what you are passionate about. Come up with several different topics that could be explored in your essay. 

Once you have narrowed down your list of possible ideas, choose one. Think about which one will provide the most interesting and compelling argument for your paper. 

It’s also important to make sure the topic is relevant and timely so it will stand out from other essays in the same field. 

Outlining Your Argument

Once you’ve chosen a topic, it’s time to outline your argument. 

This means creating an outline of each point you plan on making in your paper. Add any evidence or research experience you may need to back up those points. 

This step can help keep you organized throughout the process of actually writing your paper. Make sure all of your essay outline and points flow logically together.  

Research & Writing

Now that you have an idea of what you want to say in your paper, it’s time for research! 

Researching both primary and secondary sources is key when writing a PhD-level paper! You want to make sure all of your arguments are backed up by reliable sources.

After gathering all of this research, it’s time to start writing! 

Make sure each paragraph has its own point or argument. This way everything flows smoothly from one section of your essay to another. 

Tough Essay Due? Hire Tough Writers!

Samples for PhD Essays

When writing your essay, it can be helpful to look at samples written by experts. This will give you a better understanding of what is expected and help you craft an effective essay. 

Check out our PhD essay samples on a variety of topics to get started. They provide great help on how to structure your essay and the best way to present evidence.

Phd Essay Example

Md Phd Essay

Md Phd Essay Example

All in all, with the right resources and tips you can write an outstanding essay that will impress your instructor. 

Start by doing research on the topic and crafting compelling arguments to support your claims. Make sure you check your assignment requirements. Use samples to help guide you in writing an effective PhD essay. 

If you need any kind of help to get started, MyPerfectPaper.net is always at your disposal! 

Our online paper writing service provides PhD students with assistance in writing PhD essays, custom papers, and more. We offer affordable prices and top-notch quality guaranteed to help you write the best PhD essay possible!   

So, what are you waiting for? Place your request and get started with our PhD essay writer today!  

If you are having trouble starting your essays and don't have time to hire a writer, then we have the perfect solution for you.

Our essay typer generates essays instantly, giving you a head start on your writing. It's the perfect tool for overcoming procrastination and getting your ideas down on paper.

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Frequently Asked Questions

How should i start my essay.

Here are some tips for getting started that will help set you on the path to success: 

• Focus on your strengths 
• Research first, then write 
• Brainstorm ideas
• Outline and draft

How do you write a PhD essay?

First off, make sure that you have an outline for what points you want to make in your essay. Second of all, read over relevant literature related to your topic Thirdly, use examples or analogies wherever possible when making an argument.  Fourthly, edit and proofread thoroughly before submitting any draft. 

Literature, Marketing

Nova Allison is a Digital Content Strategist with over eight years of experience. Nova has also worked as a technical and scientific writer. She is majorly involved in developing and reviewing online content plans that engage and resonate with audiences. Nova has a passion for writing that engages and informs her readers.

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Phd Essay Examples

Get Inspired With These Exceptional PhD Essay Examples

Published on: May 6, 2023

Last updated on: Oct 28, 2024

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Are you a Ph.D. student struggling to write a standout essay for your application?

Well, the competition for Ph.D. admissions can be intense, and your essay can set you apart from other applicants. But where do you start?

One effective way to get started is by examining successful Ph.D. essay examples. By studying strong examples, you can gain insights into what makes a great Ph.D. essay.

In this blog, we'll provide you with various Ph.D. essay examples. By examining these essays, you'll see how to present your research interests and goals. You will also learn how to apply those techniques to your own writing.

So let’s start with the blog!

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Ph.D. Essays Examples by Experts

Examples provide valuable insight into the writing process. To give you an idea of what successful Ph.D. essays look like, here are some examples written by experts.

PhD Admission Essay Examples

PhD Application Essay Examples

PhD Personal Statement Sample Pdf

Md Phd Essay Examples

If you're applying to an MD-PhD program, you'll want to put your best foot forward in your essay. These examples can give you an idea of what to strive for. Check out!

Md Phd Essay Example

Why Md Phd Essay Example

MD Ph.D. Research Essay Example

MD PhD Significant Research Essay Example

Want to learn more about MD/Ph.D. essay writing? Check out this video!

Graduate School Essay Examples

To help you get a better sense of what is a graduate school essay, and how it may differ from master's and Ph.D. essays, here are some examples:

?Personal Statement Examples For Graduate School Psychology

Personal Statement For Graduate School Examples Education

Free Sample Essay For Graduate School Admission

Common Ph.D. Essay Prompts And Their Examples 

When applying to a Ph.D. program, it can be challenging to impress the admissions committee. To help you craft a successful application, we have compiled some sample prompts below.

Why Do You Want to Pursue A Ph.D.?

What Are Your Research Interests?

What Are Your Long-Term Career Goals?

How Has Your Academic Background Prepared You For Doctoral Studies?

What Makes You A Good Fit For This Ph.D. Program?

How To Write a Ph.D. Essay?

Crafting a successful Ph.D. essay requires careful planning, research, and attention to detail. Here are some steps to guide you through the process and help you create a strong essay.

Step# 1 Understand The Prompt 

Before you start writing, make sure you choose a good topic and understand the essay prompt and any specific requirements or guidelines provided.

Looking for innovative topics? Our comprehensive list of PhD essay topics can help you identify unique angles for your research.

Step# 2 Conduct Research 

Do your literature search on the topic to develop a deep understanding of the subject matter and identify key areas of interest.

Step# 3 Develop an Outline 

Organize your thoughts and research into a clear and structured essay outline . Your outline should include an introduction, main body paragraphs, and a conclusion.

Step# 4 Write The Essay 

Use your outline as a guide and begin writing your essay. Be sure to maintain a clear writing style, use appropriate terminology, and support your arguments with evidence.

Step# 5 Edit and Proofread 

Once you have finished writing, carefully edit and proofread your essay. It will help you ensure that it is well-written, free of errors, and effectively conveys your message.

Step# 6 Get Feedback 

Consider sharing your essay with trusted colleagues, mentors, or friends to get feedback and constructive criticism. Use their suggestions to further refine and improve your essay.

Step# 7 Finalize and Submit 

Once you are satisfied with your essay, make any final edits and submit your application on time, ensuring that all necessary materials have been included.

Ph.D. Essay Outline

Here is a sample outline for a Ph.D. essay:

Note: This is just a sample outline and the specific sections may vary depending on the requirements of the Ph.D. program and the topic of research.

Ph.D. Essay Format

Here are some general guidelines to follow while writing a Ph.D. essay:

• Font: Use a clear and legible font such as Times New Roman or Arial, in 12-point size.
• Margins: Set margins to 1 inch on all sides.
• Spacing: Double-space the text throughout the essay, including between paragraphs.
• Title Page: Include a title page with the title of your essay, your name, and the name of your program or institution.
• Table of Contents: If your essay is longer, consider including a table of contents to help the reader navigate through the essay.
• Sections and Headings: Organize your essay into clear sections and use headings to guide the reader. Follow any specific guidelines provided by your program for section headings.
• Citations and References: Use a consistent citation style such as APA or MLA, and include a list of cited sources and references.

It's important to follow any specific formatting guidelines provided by your institution to ensure that your Ph.D. essay is professional-looking.

Tips For Writing a Successful Ph.D. Essay

Here are some tips for writing a successful Ph.D. essay that will improve your chances of being accepted into the program:

• Focus on original research: Emphasize your unique research goals and objectives, and explain why they are important to the field.
• Demonstrate familiarity with relevant literature: Showcase your knowledge of the current research in your field. Discuss how your work will build upon existing knowledge.
• Avoid common mistakes: Be sure to avoid mistakes such as overusing jargon , neglecting to define key terms, and failing to make a clear argument.
• Proofread and edit: Always proofread and edit your essay for grammar and syntax errors, as well as for clarity and coherence.
• Stay organized: Make sure your essay is well-structured with a clear introduction, body, and conclusion that effectively convey your message.

The Bottom Line!

We hope that these PhD essay examples have given you some inspiration for your own essay. Pursuing a PhD is a significant academic endeavor, and your essay is an opportunity to showcase your expertise, which will impact your future career.

Use these examples as a starting point to craft a unique essay that highlights your strengths and contributions to your field of study.

However, if you're still unsure where to start, don't hesitate to try our AI essay writing tools .

Our PhD essay writing service has a team of experienced writers. They can help you create an impressive essay that meets the requirements of your program. 

Visit our website, and just ask write my college essay , and we'll handle the rest! 

Nova A. (Literature, Marketing)

As a Digital Content Strategist, Nova Allison has eight years of experience in writing both technical and scientific content. With a focus on developing online content plans that engage audiences, Nova strives to write pieces that are not only informative but captivating as well.

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How Long Should a Personal Statement Be for Grad School?

by Talha Omer, M.Eng., Cornell Grad

In personal statement tips & advice.

In my recent posts, I have discussed some high-powered tips for creating an outstanding personal statement for grad school . I have also shared over 100 samples of personal statements that exemplify these strategies in action. These samples can serve as inspiration for you while you write your own statement. Additionally, I’ve shared a framework for self-evaluating your personal statements and identified common pitfalls to avoid when writing an essay that grad schools will love.

In this post, I will explore the crucial topic of ideal length of a personal statement for grad school applications. I will also discuss why adhering to appropriate length guidelines is essential for a grad school essay.

In this Article

Why Length Matters?

What happens if you exceed the word requirement, strict word or page limits, general guidelines, demonstrating fit with the program, showcasing personal and academic achievements, explaining gaps or weaknesses in your application, how long should a personal statement for a masters be, how long should a personal statement for a phd be, removing redundant or irrelevant information, streamlining sentences and paragraphs, prioritizing key points, developing your main points more thoroughly, adding relevant experiences or achievements, personal statement length examples.

The length of a personal statement plays an important role in its effectiveness. Providing enough information is crucial, but lengthy and overly detailed statements can easily bore the admissions committee (adcom). 

Typically, the adcom spends about 5 minutes on each statement before they lose interest and move on.  

Thus, a concise and well-structured personal statement is more likely to engage the reviewers and create a favorable impression.

Writing more than the required length is seen by admissions committees as lack of attention to detail and the inability to follow instructions. Professionalism is an important quality that graduate programs value in their applicants. Writing more can also make your personal statement appear unfocused, and difficult to read. Moreover, it can also bore the admissions committee, who have limited time to review your application and may not have the patience or inclination to read a lengthy personal statement. 

If you write too little, you run the risk of not providing enough information to the admissions committee to evaluate your fit for the program. This can make it difficult for them to make an informed decision about your application. It can also give the impression that you are not taking the application process seriously or that you lack the necessary skills to write a compelling personal statement. 

Therefore, it is important to ensure that your personal statement meets the length requirement to the fullest as that will leave a positive impression on your application.

Factors That Determine a Personal Statement’s Length

Various factors play a role in determining the length of your personal statement. These factors include specific grad school requirements, and the key elements of the personal statement itself. By considering these factors, you can ensure that your personal statement is both engaging and effective while adhering to the length expectations set forth by the graduate programs you are applying to.

Grad School Requirements

Some graduate programs, fellowships, and scholarships may have strict word or page limits for personal statements. For example, the Fulbright scholarship requires a 750 word personal statement . The Stanford graduate program in CS requires a 2-page personal statement. 

It is important that you strictly follow these requirements, as exceeding or falling short of the word limit will negatively impact your application. 

Before starting to write, review the application instructions and guidelines for your specific program. 

For example, MBA programs have wide-ranging length requirements; some may require a 500-word essay, others a 250-word essay, or even a 1000-word essay in certain cases.

If the grad school does not specify a precise limit, then use the general guidelines discussed below to determine an appropriate length for your personal statement.

Although rare, but in some cases, grad schools do not define any strict word or page limits. If you come across such a situation then as a general rule of thumb, you should write a personal statement that is 500-750 words for master’s programs , and 1000-1500 words for doctoral programs . 

Nevertheless, it is always a good idea to research your specific program and consult with current students, alumni, or faculty to get a better understanding of the expectations.

The Purpose of the Personal Statement

In a previous post , I thoroughly explored the essential components of a personal statement. Regardless of length requirements—whether a program calls for a 500-word essay or a 2000-word essay—it’s vital to ensure that your grad school personal statement addresses the following key elements.

One of the main elements of a personal statement is to demonstrate your fit with the graduate program . To do this, you need to discuss your research interests, academic background, and career goals in relation to the program’s offerings and faculty expertise. 

Do not write a generic personal statement and send it to all programs.  

You must tailor your personal statement and focus on key aspects that align with the program, keeping in mind that the statement’s length should allow you to address these points without being overly wordy.

A personal statement is an opportunity to showcase your personal and academic achievements . These may include research projects, internships, publications, presentations, awards, or leadership experiences. 

When discussing these accomplishments, be selective and focus on those that are most relevant to your field of study and the program you are applying to.  

Ensure that the length of your personal statement provides enough space to highlight these achievements without overshadowing the other components.

If you have gaps in your academic or professional history, or any weaknesses in your application, such as a low GPA , the personal statement is a chance to address these issues . When discussing these topics, be concise, honest, and provide context for the situation.

Focus on what you have learned from these experiences and how they have contributed to your personal growth. The length of your personal statement should allow you to explain these issues without taking up too much space, as the primary focus should still be on your strengths and fit with the program. 

Typical Length Ranges

For most master’s programs, personal statements tend to be between 500-750 words in length. 

This range allows you to provide a concise overview of your academic background, research interests, and career goals, while also showcasing your personal qualities and experiences. Again, just keep in mind that some programs may have more specific length requirements, so always consult the application guidelines for the program you are applying to.

Doctoral program personal statements are usually longer than those for master’s programs, typically falling within the range of 1000-1500 words.  

This increased length allows you to delve deeper into your research interests, discuss your long-term academic and professional goals, and provide more detailed information about your background and achievements. As with master’s programs, always check the application guidelines for specific length requirements.

Handling Length Restrictions  

Strategies for cutting down an overly long personal statement (with examples).

If your personal statement exceeds the length limits, begin by removing any redundant information that is not relevant to the program you are applying to. You should assess each section and sentence to determine if it adds value to your overall narrative or if it can be omitted without affecting the clarity and impact of your statement. 

Focus on maintaining the most important points and removing any content that does not directly contribute to your main themes.

Let’s consider a hypothetical paragraph from a personal statement and I’ll demonstrate how to remove redundant or irrelevant information.

Original Paragraph

During my undergraduate studies, I volunteered at a local animal shelter every weekend for three years. This experience not only allowed me to develop compassion for abandoned animals but also taught me the importance of community service. I was able to provide a safe and nurturing environment for these animals, while also learning about the challenges faced by nonprofit organizations. I even had the opportunity to organize fundraising events, which contributed to the shelter’s ongoing operations. Additionally, I joined a club called “Students for Animal Welfare” and participated in several campus-wide initiatives to raise awareness about animal rights issues. This experience further strengthened my commitment to animal welfare and my passion for making a difference in my community.

Revised Paragraph

During my undergraduate studies, I volunteered at a local animal shelter, where I developed compassion for abandoned animals and learned the importance of community service. I organized fundraising events to support the shelter’s operations and participated in campus-wide initiatives to raise awareness about animal rights issues through the “Students for Animal Welfare” club. These experiences strengthened my commitment to animal welfare and my passion for making a difference in my community.

In the revised paragraph, the focus is on the most relevant and important aspects of the experience. Sentence 3 in the original paragraph about providing a safe environment and learning about nonprofit challenges was removed, as it doesn’t directly contribute to the main themes of the personal statement (commitment to animal welfare and passion for community service). The revised paragraph is more concise and maintains a strong focus on the key points.

You should review your personal statement to streamline sentences and paragraphs. You can do this by rephrasing long, complex sentences using simpler language and sentence structure. 

Condense lengthy paragraphs by focusing on the most crucial information and removing extraneous details. This process will not only help reduce the length of your personal statement but also improve its readability and clarity.

Let’s consider another paragraph from a personal statement and discuss how to streamline sentences.

Original Paragraph:

During my time as a research assistant in Dr. Smith’s cognitive psychology lab, I was given the opportunity to work on a variety of projects that significantly contributed to my understanding of the complexities of human memory and cognitive processes. One of the most memorable projects that I had the chance to work on was a study examining the effects of sleep deprivation on short-term memory recall, which involved designing and implementing a series of controlled experiments, as well as recruiting participants and collecting and analyzing data.

Revised Paragraph:

As a research assistant in Dr. Smith’s cognitive psychology lab, I worked on diverse projects that deepened my understanding of human memory and cognition. One notable project involved examining sleep deprivation’s impact on short-term memory recall, which included designing experiments, recruiting participants, and analyzing data.

In the revised paragraph, rephrasing has helped reduce the length by 50%. All of the extraneous details have been removed while retaining the most crucial information. The streamlined paragraph is more concise, easier to read, and clearer in conveying the main points.

If length is an issue then you can also consider reducing it by prioritizing your key points. You can start this by determining which aspects of your background, experiences, and goals are most important for the graduate program. Then, just focus on these points and remove less significant information to meet the length requirements.

Again, in order to better understand how we can do this, let’s consider a hypothetical paragraph from a personal statement.

During my undergraduate studies, I took a variety of courses in different disciplines, such as sociology, economics, and political science. I also developed an interest in public policy and volunteered for a local government office, where I gained experience in policy analysis and implementation. In my free time, I enjoyed hiking and photography, often combining these hobbies to explore the beautiful landscapes in my region. Additionally, I was an active member of the debate club, which helped me develop strong critical thinking and communication skills.

During my undergraduate studies, I developed an interest in public policy through courses in sociology, economics, and political science. I volunteered for a local government office, where I gained experience in policy analysis and implementation. As an active member of the debate club, I honed my critical thinking and communication skills.

In the revised paragraph, the focus is on the key points most relevant to the graduate program (interest in public policy, relevant experience, and essential skills). The information about hiking and photography, although interesting, is less significant for demonstrating the applicant’s fit with the program and has been removed. The revised paragraph is more concise and maintains a strong focus on the prioritized points. 

Ensuring Your Statement Is Long Enough

If your statement is too short, it may not provide sufficient detail to effectively showcase your background, experiences, and goals. To ensure that your statement is long enough, consider doing the following:

Expand on your research interests, academic achievements, or career goals by providing additional context, examples, or details. This additional information can help strengthen your argument and create a more compelling narrative.

Let’s consider an example:

My research interests lie in the field of environmental policy. I have interned at an environmental nonprofit and have taken relevant courses during my undergraduate studies.

My research interests lie in the field of environmental policy, particularly in the development and evaluation of strategies to address climate change and promote sustainable resource management. During my undergraduate studies, I took courses in environmental economics, policy analysis, and sustainable development, which provided me with a solid theoretical foundation. Additionally, I interned at an environmental nonprofit, where I contributed to a project focused on assessing the effectiveness of local climate adaptation measures. This hands-on experience allowed me to apply my academic knowledge in a practical setting and further solidified my commitment to pursuing a career in environmental policy research.

In the revised paragraph, I have developed the main points more thoroughly. The research interests have been expanded upon to provide additional context, and the relevant courses and internship experience have been described in greater detail. This additional information strengthens the argument and creates a more compelling narrative.

To increase the length of your personal statement, consider adding relevant experiences or achievements that demonstrate your skills, knowledge, and passion for your field. These may include internships, research projects, volunteer work, or extracurricular activities related to your discipline. Make sure that any new content aligns with your main themes and contributes to the overall narrative of your personal statement.

As an example, consider the following:

I am passionate about public health and have completed my undergraduate degree in the field. I am eager to continue my studies in a graduate program.

I am passionate about public health, having completed my undergraduate degree in the field. During my studies, I participated in a summer internship at a local health department, where I assisted with community outreach programs and health education initiatives. This experience allowed me to witness firsthand the positive impact of public health policies on vulnerable populations. I also volunteered with a nonprofit organization dedicated to improving healthcare access in underserved areas, which further reinforced my commitment to the field. Eager to build on my knowledge and experiences, I am excited to pursue a graduate program in public health.

In the revised paragraph, relevant experiences (internship and volunteer work) have been added to provide a more comprehensive picture of the applicant’s passion for public health. These additional details strengthen the narrative, demonstrate the applicant’s skills and dedication, and create a more compelling case for their admission to a graduate program.

By following these strategies for handling length restrictions, you can create a personal statement that effectively communicates your ideas and showcases your strengths within the specified word or page limits. 

Here are some samples of personal statements of various lengths that demonstrate how past applicants have effectively conveyed their passion, experiences, and goals while adhering to the specified word limits. 

These samples will serve as a reference for you, illustrating how you can tailor your personal statements according to the length requirements of different graduate programs. By studying these examples, you will also gain insights into drafting a strong personal statement that balances concision with comprehensive information, ensuring that you make a strong impression on the admissions committee. You can also go a step further and  hire an experienced editor  to personally review your statement to make sure it is error-free and well-written.

• 100-word Personal Statement Sample
• 150-word Personal Statement Sample
• 200-word Personal Statement Sample
• 250-word Personal Statement Sample
• 300-word Personal Statement Sample
• 400-word Personal Statement Sample
• 500-word Personal Statement Sample
• 600-word Personal Statement Sample
• 700-word Personal Statement Sample
• 750-word Personal Statement Sample
• 800-word Personal Statement Sample
• 1000-word Personal Statement Sample

By adhering to the specific length requirements, you demonstrate your attention to detail and your ability to follow instructions. It also shows your genuine interest in the program and your commitment to finding the best fit for your career goals. 

So, focus on presenting your most important points in a concise manner. By emphasizing quality over quantity, you can create a personal statement that ultimately improves your chances of being admitted to your desired graduate program.

WANT MORE AMAZING ARTICLES ON GRAD SCHOOL PERSONAL STATEMENTS?

• 100+ Outstanding Examples of Personal Statements
• The Ultimate Guide to Writing a Winning Personal Statement
• Common Pitfalls to Avoid in Your Personal Statement
• Writing a Killer Opening Paragraph for Your Personal Statement
• Ideal Length for a Graduate School Personal Statement
• 100 Inspiring Quotes to Jumpstart Your Personal Statement

How to Format & Structure Your Personal Statement for Grad School – The 5 Paragraph Approach

In the pursuit of graduate studies, one of the most critical aspects of the application process is writing a personal statement that truly reflects your passion, dedication, and individuality. While every applicant's journey is unique, structuring and formatting your...

How to Start a Grad School Personal Statement: The Killer Opening

Consider this: you have two friends who shared their personal statements and asked for your feedback on the opening paragraphs. Friend A’s opening paragraph: "I am writing this personal statement to express my interest in pursuing a graduate degree in psychology....

Things to Avoid in a Grad School Personal Statement? Ultimate Guide with Examples

In my earlier post, I shared an ultimate guide on how to write an effective graduate school personal statement and introduced an 8-point framework to guide you in evaluating your personal statement. Building on that foundation, in this post, I'll delve into the things...

How to Write a Personal Statement for Graduate School? Ultimate Guide with Examples

One of the most important components of your application is your personal statement. A survey by the Council of Graduate Schools found that 64% of graduate admissions officers consider the personal statement to be the most important factor in the admissions...

100 Quotes to Kickstart Your Personal Statement (with examples)

Starting your personal statement for university admissions can be a daunting task. It's the first thing the admissions committee will read about you, and it needs to capture your unique voice, experiences, and aspirations in just a few words. So, where do you begin?...

WANT AMAZING ARTICLES ON GRAD SCHOOL PERSONAL STATEMENTS?

• 100+ Personal Statement Templates

How to Write an 800 Word Essay & How Many Pages Is It? + Examples

An 800 word essay is a common writing assignment, often used in academic settings to assess a student’s understanding of a topic or their ability to construct a coherent and well-organized piece of writing. Writing an 800 word essay can seem daunting, but with the right approach, it can be a manageable and rewarding experience.

In this guide, how to write an 800 word essay, we’ll cover the key steps to writing an 800 word essay, including planning, research, structure, and editing. We’ll also provide examples and formatting tips to help you create a successful 800-word essay.

What You'll Learn

The first step in writing an 800 word essay is to plan out your content. Begin by brainstorming your topic and organizing your thoughts into a clear outline. Determine the main points you want to cover, and plan to devote approximately 150-250 words to each section.

When planning your 800 word essay, consider the following:

• Introduction (150-250 words) : Start with a strong, engaging opening that introduces your topic and outlines the key points you’ll be discussing.
• Body Paragraphs (3-4 paragraphs, 150-250 words each) : Develop your main arguments or points in the body of the essay, using evidence and examples to support your ideas.
• Conclusion (150-250 words) : Wrap up your essay by summarizing your main points and leaving the reader with a strong, thought-provoking conclusion.

Researching

Once you’ve outlined your essay, it’s time to begin researching your topic. Gather relevant sources, such as academic articles, books, and credible online resources, and take notes on the key information you want to include.

As you research, be sure to:

• Take detailed notes : Capture the essential details, quotes, and ideas from your sources that you can use to support your arguments.
• Evaluate your sources : Ensure that your sources are reliable, up-to-date, and relevant to your topic.
• Keep track of your sources : Maintain a list of your sources so you can properly cite them in your essay.

Structuring

With your outline and research complete, it’s time to start writing your 800 word essay. Follow the structure you outlined, using your research to support your arguments and develop your ideas.

Remember to:

• Start with a strong introduction : Grab the reader’s attention and clearly state your thesis or main argument.
• Organize your body paragraphs : Each paragraph should focus on a single point or argument, with supporting evidence from your research.
• Conclude with a memorable ending : Summarize your main points and leave the reader with a lasting impression.

Editing and Polishing

After you’ve completed your first draft, it’s time to edit and refine your essay. Review your work for any grammar, spelling, or punctuation errors, and ensure that your writing is clear, concise, and free of any unnecessary fluff.

As you edit, consider the following:

• Tighten your writing : Look for opportunities to condense or streamline your language, without sacrificing clarity or meaning.
• Ensure coherence : Check that your ideas flow logically from one to the next, and that your transitions are smooth and effective.
• Verify your citations : Double-check that you’ve properly cited any sources you’ve used, following the appropriate style guide (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago).

800 Word Essay Examples

To help you visualize what a successful 800 word essay might look like, here are a few examples:

• Academic Essay : “The Impact of Social Media on Mental Health in Adolescents”
• Persuasive Essay : “Why Renewable Energy is the Key to a Sustainable Future”
• Narrative Essay : “My Journey to Becoming a Nurse: Overcoming Challenges and Finding My Calling”

Formatting an 800 Word Essay

When formatting your 800 word essay, be sure to follow any specific guidelines provided by your instructor or institution. In general, you can expect the following formatting requirements:

• Font : Times New Roman, Arial, or a similar, easy-to-read font, size 12
• Spacing : Double-spaced
• Margins : 1-inch margins on all sides
• Page numbering : Include page numbers in the header or footer
• Citation style : Use the appropriate citation style (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago) for any sources you’ve referenced

Related Article; How many Pages in 800 Words?

FAQs: How to Write an 800 Word Essay

How many pages is an essay of 800 words? An 800 word essay is typically 2-3 pages in length, depending on the formatting guidelines. Using standard 12-point font and 1-inch margins, an 800 word essay would be approximately 2-3 pages.

How many pages is 800 words on Word? On a standard Word document, 800 words would typically be 2-3 pages in length, depending on the font size, line spacing, and other formatting settings used.

How long would it take me to write an 800 word essay? The time it takes to write an 800 word essay can vary depending on your writing speed and the complexity of the topic. However, as a general guideline, it’s reasonable to expect that it would take 2-4 hours to research, plan, write, and edit an 800 word essay.

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• Double-space the text
• Use 1-inch margins on all sides
• Include page numbers in the header or footer
• Cite any sources used according to the appropriate style guide (APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.)

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How long should be a Doctoral Dissertation or Thesis?

A doctoral dissertation or thesis should be of 50,000 to 80,000 words and should not exceed 1,00,000 words having around 150 to 230 pages. 

“One size can’t fit to all.”  

A fat person can’t fit into a lean person’s trouser, isn’t he?

The same is true for the most important academic essay as well, the PhD thesis or dissertation or we can say a doctoral dissertation.

The present article illustrates how long should be a PhD dissertation! the number of words, number of chapters and pages. We will also discuss what should be your thesis length and how you can decide it. But before that let’s understand the concept of a doctoral dissertation or thesis. 

The doctoral dissertation or thesis is almost the same kind of thing! Some universities prefer to say it as “dissertation” while others say it “a thesis” but ideally, as per the USA PhD structure, the dissertation is considered as a short essay and often applied to denote a thesis to award the master degree.

Notwithstanding, we can use either term to indicate a PhD essay.  Either a thesis or dissertation, any of it can be used. So don’t confuse yourself. 

The PhD dissertation is an academic essay, structured, formal and concise and precisely written. The whole thesis must be divided into specific chapters each one includes specific information. 

For example, the introduction chapter includes general information only while the review chapter must include literature and reviews of all related topics. 

The content of the dissertation may vary from chapter to chapter that we will discuss later on. Sections of every PhD dissertation have a definite content and length as well, and therefore the whole thesis has a definite length. 

The criteria to write a PhD dissertation (what to write and how to write) vary among universities, some prefer longer essays while some shorter. Let’s not confuse things and let directly into the topic, 

Read more: 12 Proven Practical Tips for Academic Writing .

How long should be a doctoral dissertation or thesis? 

The ideal length of the doctoral dissertation is between 50,000 to 80,000 (actually), however, should not exceed 1,00,000 words.

Do you know?  “A New Determination of Molecular Dimensions” is a thesis title of Albert Einstein which has only 17 pages .

The whole doctoral dissertation divides into sections like background (commonly an introduction), review, methods, results, discussion and conclusion. 

Besides, Acknowledgement, preface, abstract, index, list of images, list of tables and title page and other pages are there in the thesis but can’t be included in the core content of the doctoral dissertation. 

In accordance with the number of pages, a typical thesis has a minimum of 180 and a maximum of 300 pages with an average of 230 pages per dissertation and consider as the ideal length of the doctoral dissertation. 

However, here are some of the factors upon which the length of the thesis is decided. 

• The subject chosen
• The topic of the doctoral dissertation 
• University selected 

The length of the thesis varies among subjects as some need longer, in-depth explanation whilst some only contain equations or mathematical calculations. 

Usually, dissertations of humanities such as history, language and social science are long around 1,00,000 to 1,20,000 words. On the other side, the dissertation of STEM ( Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) are shorter around 50,000 to 80,000 words. 

Here is the graph of the number of pages and length of the thesis in different subjects. 

Another factor is a topic chosen by the prospective student. The length of the doctoral dissertation also depends on a topic selected, independent of the subject. 

For example, some topics are shorter and “require to the point” explanation, topics of maths and physics are based on equations and calculations henceforth those theses ideally might be shorter than other topics. 

On the other side, a topic that includes not only scientific experiments but also physics or maths and social benefits are usually longer. The reason is that prospective students need to explain the science behind that and its importance for society as well. So it may be huge. 

Related article: 16 Proven Tips to Write a Thesis for PhD .

The style of writing, length and structure of dissertation may vary among universities. Universities have their own style and students have to write their thesis accordingly.

Do you know?  David Rector’s thesis entitled, “An unstable Adams Spectral Sequence” is the shortest thesis in the world having only 9 pages (as per the MIT library of thesis). 

Note that the quality of the doctoral dissertation isn’t associated with the length of it. Consequently, a longer thesis isn’t mean quality work whilst a shorter thesis isn’t mean poor work! 

Plenty of research data are available on the length of the doctoral dissertation and the number of pages but interestingly, conclude nothing! 

This means, research conduct on 1000 student show that the thesis should have 1,00,000 pages doesn’t infer that you have to write a dissertation of exactly having the same length.

Dr Eva Lantsoght had conducted a poll on Twitter on “what was the word count of your dissertation?” 

34% of students voted that their thesis is 80,000 to 1,20,000 words long while 21% of students voted to have a dissertation length of fewer than 40,000 words. However, the study is irrelevant as students aren’t categorized based their subjects. (but it’s just a Twitter Poll!). 

As we said, the number of pages or words may deviate among universities, for example, ideally Cambridge university allow 80,000 words in a typical dissertation, however, in the same university the criteria for biology PhD thesis is 60,000 (as per their official website information).

Note that special permission is needed when students exceeds more than the limit decided.

Similarly, Oxford university and Harvard university advised dissertation length of 1,00,000 and 100 to 300 pages, respectively.

No such data or studies define how long exactly a doctoral dissertation should be because as we said, it’s not a major criterion in any university. If you write a thesis in either fewer or more words, the university will never reject it or fail you, based on that. 

Irrespective of the length of the dissertation, it must justify the research work done by the prospective candidate. If the examiner thinks that the thesis is too long, they advise you to make it shorter and vice versa, no issue in that. 

The only thing matter is that the work should be worth award-winning. However, some universities are strict against the length of the doctoral dissertation. Students need prior permission if their thesis excess the length decided by the university. For example, at Cambridge University, the length of a doctorate dissertation is fixed for different subjects. When exceeded, one has to take permission prior to submit the thesis. 

Do you know?  Historian Joachim Schuhmacher had written the world’s longest thesis having 2,654 pages. 

Now let us discuss how the length of a doctorate dissertation is decided? 

The answer to this question gives you an idea of “how many words you have to write”. A single thesis page should have around 325 to 333 pages when using Times New Roman font and double spacing (as per the MLA and APA formate ). 

When you write 100 pages it comprises 33, 300 words so when we write 250 pages, it comprises around 83,250 words. 

It means one should have to write around 60,000 to 70,000 words (220 to 230) pages for getting a doctoral degree. Again, keep in mind, not the length, the quality of research work and writing precision decides the fate of a student. 

Importantly, the ideal length of what we are discussing here only comprises content, we haven’t included other important pages such as a preface, acknowledgment, title page or other related pages. Those are single pages and must be labeled in italic, not in numbers. 

Refer university’s official circular or terms and conditions before applying as well as submitting a thesis. Do not trust blindly what others are doing.

Conclusion: 

What is the conclusion of the present topic? You may wonder I will advise you on how long a doctoral dissertation will be. Right! Well, in that case, I strongly recommended to contact the university and ask to the PhD department regarding requirements.

Keep in mind quality of research matter more rather than the quantity of writing. Still, you need to write a doctoral dissertation longer enough to evaluate.  

“Don’t consider yourself as Einstein or David Rector.”

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About The Author

Dr Tushar Chauhan

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