google experiment hopper

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Hopper the explorer

Explore the world with Hopper

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Drag Hopper over the map

And drop him over the (you can also tap them to know more), drag the map to pan and use the & buttons to zoom in and out or type in a location.

psst! you can drop Hopper anywhere!

Back to the map

name of the places

Take a picture

You can send Hopper anywhere by clicking around.

Hopper's rock

Inaccessible island.

Hey, glad you hopped by!

Let me introduce myself, my name is Hopper . I'm a northern rockhopper and these are my brothers and sisters Pebble , Rocky and Sandy (I'm the one on the right).

We spend our days playing in the waves fishing and grooming our gorgeous golden feathers. My favourite dishes are krills, crustaceans, squids (yum!) and fishes.

Today, more than 99% of northern rockhoppers live on Tristan da Cunha , a group of islands in the south Atlantic Ocean. My hometown is a volcanic island called the “Inaccessible Island” because it’s so remote and we don’t have a lot of visitors like you.

image source

Unfortunately, life hasn’t been easy for my brothers and sisters. Our population has declined by 90% since the 1950s. To make things worse, ten year ago, an oil spill damaged our island and threatened the fresh water supply of our colony. Fortunately some kind people transported us to Tristan da Cunha for cleaning and to wait for the end of the spill.

Many of my ancestors are world famous super stars: Cody Maverick , Lovelace , Secret Agent Buck Rockgut to name a few. As for me, ever since I was a chick, I have always wanted to travel the world and become the greatest explorer in history!

I cannot wait to hop on an adventure with you and explore the world. Let’s go!

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Where is hopper, games you might like, the descent of the serpent, geo artwork, puzzle party.

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Google Cloud Skills Boost

Prompt design in vertex ai, checkpoints.

Build a Gemini image analysis tool.

Build a Gemini tagline generator.

Experiment with image analysis code.

Experiment with tagline generation code.

Prompt Design in Vertex AI: Challenge Lab

• Setup and requirements
• Challenge Scenario
• Task 1. Build a Gemini image analysis tool
• Task 2. Build a Gemini tagline generator
• Task 3. Experiment with image analysis code
• Task 4. Experiment with tagline generation code
• Congratulations!

In a challenge lab you’re given a scenario and a set of tasks. Instead of following step-by-step instructions, you will use the skills learned from the labs in the course to figure out how to complete the tasks on your own! An automated scoring system (shown on this page) will provide feedback on whether you have completed your tasks correctly.

When you take a challenge lab, you will not be taught new Google Cloud concepts. You are expected to extend your learned skills, like changing default values and reading and researching error messages to fix your own mistakes.

To score 100% you must successfully complete all tasks within the time period!

This lab is recommended for students who have enrolled in the Prompt Design in Vertex AI and Gemini course. Are you ready for the challenge?

Topics tested

• Craft effective prompts and use parameters to guide generative AI output in Vertex AI Studio.
• Apply Gemini models to create product descriptions and taglines in a real-world marketing scenario.
• Examine and run Python code exported from Vertex AI Studio to gain a basic understanding of generative AI implementation.
• Use Jupyter Notebooks to test and modify generative AI code.

Before you click the Start Lab button

Read these instructions. Labs are timed and you cannot pause them. The timer, which starts when you click Start Lab , shows how long Google Cloud resources will be made available to you.

This hands-on lab lets you do the lab activities yourself in a real cloud environment, not in a simulation or demo environment. It does so by giving you new, temporary credentials that you use to sign in and access Google Cloud for the duration of the lab.

To complete this lab, you need:

• Access to a standard internet browser (Chrome browser recommended).
• Time to complete the lab---remember, once you start, you cannot pause a lab.

You're a member of an educational content startup specializing in engaging learners with the natural world. You've formed a partnership with Cymbal Direct, an online retailer launching a new line of outdoor gear and apparel designed to encourage young people to explore and connect with nature.

Cymbal Direct wants to create a marketing campaign for its new product line that leverages the power of generative AI. Your task is to help them develop a set of tools within Google Cloud's Vertex AI platform that will streamline the generation of the following:

• Evocative Product Descriptions : using image analysis to inspire short, descriptive text that captures the essence of their products and the feeling of being in nature.
• Catchy Taglines : focused on highlighting product features, the target audience, and the desired emotional response.

In this section, you will create a template for analyzing images of Cymbal Direct products using the Gemini 1.5 Pro model in Vertex AI Studio. The goal is to generate descriptive text options inspired by the image, from simple details to more evocative, mood-setting phrases.

• Before you begin, download the image provided for this task. The following image is a product from Cymbal Direct. Right-click and select Save image as to save the image to your local machine.

Use Vertex AI Studio's Freeform interface with the gemini-1.5-pro model to analyze Cymbal Direct's product image (provided) and generate multiple descriptive text options inspired by the image.

Experiment with different prompts to generate the following:

• Short, descriptive text inspired by the image.
• Catchy phrases suitable for advertisements.
• A poetic description for a nature-focused campaign.

Evaluate and Iterate : adjust your prompt and parameters as needed to refine the results.

Name your prompt Cymbal Product Analysis .

Save Prompt : Once you're happy with the results, click Save , and select the region.

In this task, you will create a freeform prompt for generating diverse tagline possibilities using the Gemini 1.5 Pro model in Vertex AI Studio. The goal is to develop a prompt that allows for customization of the tagline style, based on product attributes, target audience, and emotional resonance.

Create a new Freeform prompt with the gemini-1.5-pro model to create a customizable tagline generator for Cymbal Direct's new product line.

In the System instructions box, enter the following:

• Include 2 Examples in your prompt to guide the output style. An example input and output are provided below for reference:

Design a Freeform Prompt with parameters to customize taglines based on:

• Product attributes (e.g., durable, lightweight)
• Target audience (e.g., young adventurers, families)
• Emotional resonance (e.g., empowered, connected)

In the Test box, add one input and click the submit button to have Gemini generate a tagline option based on your prompt.

Evaluate and Iterate :

• Experiment with different parameter combinations to see the variety of taglines produced.
• Based on the results, fine-tune the wording of your prompt, add more parameter options, or adjust the style choices to achieve your desired outcome.

Name your prompt Cymbal Tagline Generator Template .

In this task, you will explore the Python code for the image analysis prompt you created. You will then modify the prompt to be more specific and test the new prompt in a notebook.

In the Google Cloud Console, on the Navigation menu , click Vertex AI > Workbench .

On the Instances page, find the generative-ai-jupyterlab notebook and click on the Open JupyterLab button.

Create a new notebook file named image-analysis.ipynb .

Explore the image analysis code

From the Vertex AI Studio page, navigate to the Saved Prompts page. Select the Cymbal Product Analysis prompt you created.

On the right side of the prompt, click Get Code . Use Python as the language.

• Run the second code cells in the notebook. Verify that the code executes successfully and produces the expected output.

Modify the image analysis prompt

• Within the code, there will be a line of text between triple quotes ( """ ). This is your current image analysis prompt. For example, it might be:

Now you will modify the prompt to be more specific. Change the wording of the prompt in the code cell to make the output less than 10 words .

Next, modify the prompt code to encourage the model to produce the most creative, unusual, and unexpected descriptions of the image it can think of.

Save the changes to your code. Then, rerun the code cell in your notebook to test Gemini with the new prompt.

Verify that the new descriptions are shorter and more creative than the previous ones.

In this task, you will explore the Python code for the tagline prompt you created. You will then modify the prompt to include a specific keyword and test the new prompt in a notebook.

Create a new notebook file named tagline-generator.ipynb .

Add the following code to the notebook:

• Update the placeholders <your example input> with the example inputs from your tagline prompt and <your example output> with the example outputs from your tagline prompt. Also, update <your test input> with your test input.

The examples and test inputs should be be copied from your Cymbal Tagline Generator Template prompt, which you can find in the Saved Prompts page in Vertex AI Studio.

• Run the code cell in the notebook. Verify that the code executes successfully and produces the expected output.

Modify the tagline generation prompt

Within the code, there will be multiple lines of text between triple quotes ( """ ). This is your current tagline generation prompt.

Now you will modify the prompt to include a specific keyword. Modify the last input to specifically request that the tagline includes the keyword nature .

Save the changes to your code. Then, rerun the code cell in your notebook to test the language model with the new prompt.

Verify that the new tagline includes the keyword nature .

Congratulations, you've successfully completed the lab! You've helped Cymbal Direct create a set of tools within Google Cloud's Vertex AI platform that will streamline the generation of evocative product descriptions and catchy taglines for their new product line. You've also explored and modified the image analysis and tagline generation code in a notebook. Great job!

Next steps / Learn more

• Check out the Generative AI on Vertex AI documentation .
• Learn more about generative AI on the Google Cloud Tech YouTube channel .
• Google Cloud Generative AI official repo
• Example Gemini notebooks

Google Cloud training and certification

...helps you make the most of Google Cloud technologies. Our classes include technical skills and best practices to help you get up to speed quickly and continue your learning journey. We offer fundamental to advanced level training, with on-demand, live, and virtual options to suit your busy schedule. Certifications help you validate and prove your skill and expertise in Google Cloud technologies.

Manual Last Updated August 30, 2024

Lab Last Tested August 30, 2024

Copyright 2024 Google LLC All rights reserved. Google and the Google logo are trademarks of Google LLC. All other company and product names may be trademarks of the respective companies with which they are associated.

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This challenge lab tests your skills and knowledge from the labs in the Prompt Design in Vertex AI course. You should be familiar with the content of the prior labs before attempting this lab.

Duration: 6m setup · 90m access · 90m completion

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Levels: introductory

Permalink: https://www.cloudskillsboost.google/catalog_lab/31194

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Mediation A/B experiment

The AdMob API can create mediation A/B experiments to maximize your ads performance by testing various configurations. An A/B test lets you evaluate two variations of a mediation group to compare the results side by side and select a preferred configuration.

Here are examples of experiments you can set up:

• Adding or removing ad sources to see their impact on your mediation group
• Using a different waterfall order by changing the manual eCPM value of ad sources
• Enabling or disabling optimization on waterfall ad sources
• Changing the number of times an ad source is called

Start with an existing mediation group and create a variation of it to see which variant, A or B, performs better. The test splits your app's users between your existing mediation group setup and the variation, based on a percentage (1%, 10%, or 50%) you provide.

curl (command line)

Requests using curl.

Load the client secrets file and generate authorization credentials.

The first time you perform this step, you are asked to accept an authorization prompt in your browser. Before accepting, make sure you're signed in with a Google Account that has access to the AdMob API. Your app will be authorized to access data on behalf of whichever account is currently logged in.

For authentication and authorization, we recommend using oauth2l , a simple command-line tool for working with Google OAuth 2.0. Install oauth2l and run the command below, replacing path_to_credentials_json with a path to a credentials.json file that you download when registering your cloud app. For the first run, the command walks you through the OAuth 2.0 authorization flow. Subsequent runs refresh the token automatically.

Create a mediation A/B experiment.

Replace pub-XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX with your publisher ID and ZZZZZZZZZZ with your mediation group ID. The mediation group ID can be found in the AdMob UI or by using the accounts.mediationGroups:list method.

You need to specify the treatmentMediationLines and treatmentTrafficPercentage , however, the controlMediationLines are inherited from the parent mediation group and do not need to be specified.

The following request creates a mediation A/B experiment where the treatment variant, also known as variant B, contains a single mediation line for the AdMob network using LIVE mode.

See the sample response below where SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS represents the created mediation A/B experiment ID and YYYYYYYYYY represents the last 10 digits of your ad unit ID , complying to the format: ca-app-pub-XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX/YYYYYYYYYY .

Verify the mediation A/B experiment is running.

Call accounts.mediationGroups:list to get the mediation A/B experiment status for that mediation group. See the mediation groups guide for more details.

The mediationAbExperimentState is set to RUNNING for active mediation A/B experiments and NOT_RUNNING if there is no experiment running in the mediation group.

Sample request:

Stop the mediation A/B experiment and select a variant.

To complete the experiment, specify the winning variant in the request:

• VARIANT_CHOICE_A : Use the mediation lines from Variant A and complete the experiment. Variant A contains the original serving lines before the experiment creation.
• VARIANT_CHOICE_B : Use the mediation lines form Variant B and complete the experiment. Variant B contains the newly added serving lines.

Sample response:

Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License , and code samples are licensed under the Apache 2.0 License . For details, see the Google Developers Site Policies . Java is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Last updated 2024-11-08 UTC.

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TCA Box Grading Standards: P-8: Like New: Complete and all original. Evidence of light use and aging, additional notations since leaving publisher or manufacturer. Contents of box may be missing. Listing Notes: car is mint, box is in good shape and comes with outer box too.

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Management of Mango Hopper, Idioscopus clypealis, Using Chemical Insecticides and Neem Oil

• Author information
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*M. A. Latif: [email protected]

Academic Editor: Petros Samaras

Received 2014 Feb 3; Accepted 2014 Jul 3; Issue date 2014.

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

An experiment was conducted in Field Laboratory, Department of Entomology at Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, during 2013 to manage the mango hopper, Idioscopus clypealis L, using three chemical insecticides, Imidacloprid (0.3%), Endosulfan (0.5%), and Cypermethrin (0.4%), and natural Neem oil (3%) with three replications of each. All the treatments were significantly effective in managing mango hopper in comparison to the control. Imidacloprid showed the highest efficacy in percentage of reduction of hopper population (92.50 ± 9.02) at 72 hours after treatment in case of 2nd spray. It also showed the highest overall percentage of reduction (88.59 ± 8.64) of hopper population and less toxicity to natural enemies including green ant, spider, and lacewing of mango hopper. In case of biopesticide, azadirachtin based Neem oil was found effective against mango hopper as 48.35, 60.15, and 56.54% reduction after 24, 72, and 168 hours of spraying, respectively, which was comparable with Cypermethrin as there was no statistically significant difference after 168 hours of spray. Natural enemies were also higher after 1st and 2nd spray in case of Neem oil.

1. Introduction

Mango ( Mangifera indica Linn.) is a very important and popular fruit in the world. It is the choicest fruit of the subcontinent and is known as king of all fruits. Its popularity is mainly due to its excellent flavour, delicious taste, and high nutritive value being rich in vitamins A and C. Its origin is believed to be south Asia where it has been cultivated for the last four thousand years [ 1 ]. Now it is a commercially cultivated important fruit of this subtropical region particularly Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan. But production of mango is enormously handicapped by the ravages of insect pests from seedling to their maturity. More than 300 insect pests have been recorded to attack mango crop in different regions of world [ 2 ]. Among the mango pests, Mango hopper Idioscopus clypealis (Lethierry) is one of the most serious and widespread pests throughout the country, which causes heavy damage to mango crop. Both the nymphs and adults of the hoppers puncture and suck the sap from tender shoots, inflorescences, and leaves of mango crop, which cause nonsetting of flowers and dropping of immature fruits, thereby reducing the yield. Hoppers also excrete a secretion, called honey dew. In moist weather, it encourages the development of fungi like Meliola mangiferae (Earle), resulting in growth of sooty mould on dorsal surface of leaves, branches, and fruits. This black coating interferes with the normal photosynthetic activity of the plant, ultimately resulting in nonsetting of flowers and dropping of immature fruits. This damage is called honey dew disease. On heavily infested trees, crop losses of 50% or more have been recorded [ 2 ]. In the past its control was based purely on chemicals especially synthetic insecticides. But nonjudicious application of highly toxic and persistent insecticides is causing several problems such as disrupting natural enemy complexes, development of insecticide resistance, secondary pest outbreak, pest resurgence, and environmental pollution [ 3 ]. To solve these problems farmers can shift from the unilateral reliance on insecticide use to alternative approaches. In this situation, biodegradable substitutes are now being strongly conceived by all scientists of the world. Biologically active natural plant products may play a significant role in this regard as they are environmentally safe, biodegradable, and cost effective. A large number of investigators isolated and identified several chemical compounds from leaves and seeds of many plant species and screened out many insect feeding deterrents and growth inhibitors [ 4 ]. Among them Neem based products have extensively been used and have proved their pest control efficacy against several insect pests both in field and storage. However, exploration on the use of botanicals against mango pests is scanty in Bangladesh. Under this circumstance, the present research was undertaken to manage mango hopper, I. clypealis (Lethierry), using three nonpersistence chemical insecticides, namely, Imidacloprid, Endosulfan, Cypermethrin, and natural product Neem oil as well as to assess their toxic effects on natural enemies of mango hopper.

2. Materials and Methods

The experiment was conducted in the Entomology Field Laboratory at Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. The experiment was performed following randomized complete block design (RCBD) having five treatments including control with three replications of each treatment. Five inflorescences from five different branches of the same tree were selected alternatively from top, middle, and bottom and were sprayed with each treatment. Selection of inflorescence was done as modified method developed by [ 5 ]. The treatments were three insecticides, namely, Imidacloprid, Endosulfan, Cypermethrin, and natural Neem oil. A control treatment was always maintained with three replications. Insecticides were sprayed as recommended dose and Neem oil was used as 3% concentration ( Table 1 ). Application of treatments and collection of data were done before 10 a.m. Data were counted on the number of hopper per inflorescence. Pretreatment data were taken just before and posttreatment data were recorded after 24, 72, and 168 hours of spraying. The percentage reduction of insect population was computed using Henderson-Tilton's formula, that is, %efficacy = [1−Ta/Ca×Cb/Tb] × 100 [ 6 ], where, Tb is the infestation in the treated plot before treatment, Ta is the infestation in the treated plot after treatment, Cb is the infestation in the control plot before treatment, and Ca is the infestation in the control plot after treatment.

Insecticides used in efficacy trials against mango hopper.

Data were analyzed following ANOVA using statistical package SPSS (version 14.0). Significant differences among the means of different treatments were tested using Duncan multiple range test (DMRT). Efficacy of insecticides and Neem oil were tested on the basis of percentage reduction of hopper population. Along with this, effects of selected insecticides and Neem oil on natural enemies were assessed by taking pretreatment data just before spray and posttreatment data at 24 HAT of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd spray.

3. Results and Discussion

3.1. effect of three synthetic insecticides in controlling mango hopper.

Reduction in population indicated that all the tested insecticides were effective against mango hopper ( Table 2 ). The percentage reduction over pretreatment in comparison with control plot was higher with Imidacloprid and Endosulfan followed by Cypermethrin and Neem oil. There was significant difference ( P < 0.05) among the treatments as overall efficacy. In case of conventional insecticides, Imidacloprid was found highly effective with 83.63% reduction after 24 hours of first spray with increasing trend in efficacy as 89.97% after 72 hours; however its effectiveness decreased at 168 hours to 85%, whereas Endosulfan proved to be a good controlling agent with 75.79% reduction at 24 hours with decreasing trend after 72 and 168 hours of spray with 72.48 and 67.47% reduction, respectively. Cypermethrin was comparatively less effective than Imidacloprid and Endosulfan as it gave 64.40% reduction after 24 hours though it increased after 72 hours to 68.23% reduction but again after 168 hours of first spray 57.95% reduction was observed. Similar results were reported by [ 7 ] with significant dominance of Imidacloprid among different pesticides against okra jassid ( Amrasca biguttula biguttula ) [ 8 ]. The performance of different doses of Imidacloprid as an agent of seed and root treatment was assessed and found effective up to 45 days after treatment against chilli thrips. It was found that Imidacloprid is the most effective against mustard aphid compared to Endosulfan and Neem oil [ 9 ], whereas [ 10 ] found Endosulfan very effective against jassids on okra crop. The effectiveness of Endosulfan and Cypermethrin against aphid on okra and brinjal crops at different time intervals was evaluated and it was found that Endosulfan is more effective than Cypermethrin on brinjal crop and vice versa in case of okra crop [ 11 , 12 ].

Percentage of efficacy of three insecticides against mango hopper.

Values sharing the same letter(s) in a column are not significantly different at P = 0.05.

The effect of Endosulfan and azadirachtin was studied and azadirachtin was found to be moderately effective against brinjal shoot and fruit borer when used alone, whereas it varied in efficacy when used in combination such as Endosulfan + Bt ( Bacillus thuringiensis ) and azadirachtin + Bt [ 13 ]. However, in any case azadirachtin was found comparatively less effective than Endosulfan. Whereas similar combinations of pesticides along with Cypermethrin against aphids and jassids of okra and observed significant dominance of some pesticides among others, Cypermethrin showed moderate but yet more effective than Neem product (azadirachtin).

3.2. Effect of Natural Neem Oil in Controlling Mango Hopper

Unlike synthetic pesticides plant based pesticides have diverse pest control properties. Plant products affect different physiological processes in insects like metamorphosis including insect growth regulation, adult fertility, and toxicity and also have antifeedant and oviposition deterrent effects [ 14 ].

It was reported that they are environmental friendly; therefore, they seem to have some superiority over synthetic pesticides [ 15 ]. Moreover, a variety of plant species are available with diverse types of controlling effects as over 2400 plants have been identified with pest control properties in this respect [ 16 ].

In case of biopesticides, azadirachtin based Neem oil was found effective against Mango hopper at the rate of 48.35, 60.15, and 56.54% reduction after 24, 72, and 168 hours, respectively, which was comparable with Cypermethrin as there was no statistically significant difference after 168 hours of spray ( P < 0.05) ( Table 2 ). The efficacy of different Neem based readymade products was evaluated and observed to be comparatively less effective against sucking pests [ 17 ] than Endosulfan but proved superior to untreated plot. The work also supports our findings [ 18 ] and the authors tested the field efficacy of azadirachtin-A, its stable derivative tetrahydroazadirachtin-A (THA), and NeemAzal (NZ) pesticides, in comparison with Endosulfan against the complex pests of okra including jassid and whitefly, and found azadirachtin-A effective for up to 7 days whereas THA had potentiality to control the pests for up to 10 days.

Endosulfan was found to be most effective with 82.9% reduction in whitefly population followed by THA, Aza-A, and NZ (60%, 58.7% and 57.5%). Against jassid, it was reduced by 62% with Endosulfan followed by THA, Aza-A, and NZ as 40.2, 35.1, and 31%, respectively. The effectiveness of Biosal (Neem formulation) in comparison with Endosulfan and Profenofos against jassid on brinjal at different time intervals was evaluated and a moderate effect of Biosal against jassid was found with 47% mortality [ 19 ]. Crude extracts of Neem and Margosan-O (pesticide of Neem origin from USA, containing 0.3% azadirachtin as active ingredient) were tested in comparison with Malathion 57 EC [ 20 ] against white fly on brinjal and effectiveness was found as Malathion > Margosan > crude Neem extracts after 48 hours, while after 96 hours crude Neem extracts were more persistent than Margosan and Malathion, respectively. Similarly different attempts were made to test the efficacy of Neem preparations against aphid and whitefly [ 21 , 22 ]. Neem extract was found effective but inferior to Imidacloprid against the spread of okra yellow vein mosaic virus by controlling whitefly population [ 23 ], whereas Neem extract was found more effective against jassid, white fly, and thrips on cotton as compared to Perfekthion which lost its efficacy after 4 days, while Neem product was persistent for up to 6 days and was much safer and nonpolluting. In our present study, Neem oil was also effective for up to 7 days [ 23 ]. Reference [ 24 ] reported that significant reduction in the population of jassid, whitefly, and thrips on cotton was up to 168 hours when Neem oil was used as 2% and Neem seed water extract as 3% but efficacy declined at 336 hours. Neem oil was effective with 56, 54, and 57% reduction in the population of jassid, whitefly, and thrips, respectively, while Neem seed water extract was relatively less effective with 49, 46, and 54% reduction against three insects. Imidacloprid, Endosulfan, Cypermethrin, and Neem oil showed the average reduction (overall performance) of hopper population in three sprays as 88.59, 73.32, 64.87, and 55.91%, respectively.

There was a significant variation among the treatments considering the number of sprays but they were statistically identical in respect of time after spray ( Table 3 ).

Efficacy of three insecticides and Neem oil: effect of spray and time.

3.3. Effect of Three Chemical Insecticides and Neem Oil on Natural Enemies

Effect of different insecticides and Neem oil on natural enemies of mango hopper, namely, green ant, spider, and lacewing varied significantly ( Table 4 ). Among the four treatments Neem oil showed least toxicity on all the natural enemies (green ant, spider, and lacewing). Imidacloprid and Cypermethrin were moderately toxic to the natural enemies of mango hopper, whereas Endosulfan reduced hopper population significantly but it was highly toxic to the natural enemies of mango hopper ( Table 4 ). The highest number of natural enemies' population was always observed in control plot.

Effect of three chemical insecticides and Neem oil on natural enemies.

This finding was in agreement with [ 25 ] who reported that Endosulfan was highly toxic to the predators of potato leaf hopper. It could be concluded from the findings of the present study that sole dependency on conventional insecticides may easily be modified by incorporating Neem oil in an environment friendly management program for mango hopper.

4. Conclusion

Chemical insecticides, Imidacloprid (0.3%), Endosulfan (0.5%), Cypermethrin (0.4%), and Neem oil (3%) were effective in managing mango hopper in comparison to the control. Imidacloprid showed the highest efficacy in percentage of reduction of hopper population at 72 hours after treatment in case of 2nd spray. It also showed the highest overall percentage of reduction of hopper population and less toxicity to natural enemies of mango hopper. In case of biopesticide, azadirachtin based Neem oil was found effective against Mango hopper as 48.35, 60.15, and 56.54% reduction after 24, 72, and 168 hours, respectively. The population of natural enemies was also found higher in case of Neem oil even after 1st and 2nd spray. So, it could be concluded that sole dependency on conventional insecticides may easily be modified by incorporating Neem oil as an environment friendly management program for mango hopper.

Conflict of Interests

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests among them.

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Who are Top Mondelez’s Competitors in Snack Industry?

Who are Top Mondelez’s Competitors in Snack Industry? 10 min read

Move over, Oreos and Cadbury! The global snack arena is heating up, and Mondelez isn’t the only player in town. Did you know that the global snack food market is expected to reach a whopping $732.6 billion by 2026 ? With such a massive pie up for grabs, it’s no wonder that competition is fierce. Today, we’re diving into the world of crunchy, sweet, and savory treats to uncover the top rivals giving Mondelez a run for its money. Buckle up, snack lovers – it’s time to meet the contenders!

Table of Contents

The Snack Industry Landscape: Setting the Stage

Before we dive into the fierce competition, let’s take a moment to understand the battlefield. The global snack market is a dynamic and ever-evolving arena, driven by changing consumer preferences, health trends, and innovative product offerings.

Mondelez International, born from the split of Kraft Foods in 2012, has established itself as a powerhouse in the snack industry. With iconic brands like Oreo, Cadbury, and Toblerone under its belt, Mondelez currently holds a significant market share in the global confectionery and snack sector.

However, the snack industry is far from a one-player game. Several factors are driving competition and reshaping the landscape:

• Health-conscious consumers demanding better-for-you options
• Emerging markets presenting new growth opportunities
• Digital disruption and e-commerce changing distribution channels
• Sustainability concerns influencing product development and packaging

With these factors in play, let’s meet the top contenders challenging Mondelez’s sweet dominance!

Top Competitors of Mondelez International

Website – https://www.nestle.com/

When it comes to giving Mondelez a run for its money, Nestlé is leading the pack. This Swiss multinational food and drink company has been in the game since 1866, and they’re not playing around!

Nestlé boasts an impressive snack portfolio that directly competes with Mondelez across various categories. From KitKat and Smarties to Toll House cookies, Nestlé’s offerings are giving Oreos and Cadbury a serious challenge. But here’s where it gets interesting – Nestlé has been making some bold moves lately:

• Strategic acquisitions: In 2018, Nestlé acquired the rights to market Starbucks products globally, expanding their presence in the premium snack and coffee market.
• Focus on health and wellness: With their “Nestlé for Healthier Kids” initiative, they’re developing more nutritious snack options, directly challenging Mondelez’s traditional sweet treats.
• Sustainability drive: Nestlé’s commitment to 100% recyclable or reusable packaging by 2025 is appealing to eco-conscious consumers.

Nestlé’s global reach and diverse product range make them a formidable opponent. They’re not just competing – they’re innovating and adapting to changing consumer demands. Watch out, Mondelez!

2. Mars, Incorporated

Website – https://www.mars.com/our-brands/mars-snacking

When you think of Mars, you might picture a Snickers bar or a bag of M&M’s. But this family-owned company has evolved into much more than just a chocolate manufacturer. Mars has been diversifying its snack offerings, and Mondelez should be paying close attention.

Here’s how Mars is stepping up its game:

• Expanding beyond chocolate: With brands like Extra and Orbit gum, as well as Combos savory snacks, Mars is covering more snacking occasions.
• Global domination: Mars has a strong presence in emerging markets, often outpacing Mondelez in countries like China and India.
• Innovation nation: From heat-resistant chocolate for warm climates to plant-based protein bars, Mars is constantly pushing the envelope.

One of Mars’ key strengths is its ability to adapt to local tastes while maintaining global brand recognition. For example, they’ve introduced unique flavors like Spicy Xiaomi flavor M&M’s in China, showing they’re not afraid to get creative to win market share.

3. The Hershey Company

Website – https://www.thehersheycompany.com/

Don’t let Hershey’s American roots fool you – this chocolate giant is making waves on the global stage, and Mondelez is feeling the heat. While Hershey has long been a household name in the US, they’re now setting their sights on international markets.

Here’s how Hershey is stepping up to the plate:

• Strategic acquisitions: Hershey’s purchase of Amplify Snack Brands (makers of SkinnyPop popcorn) shows they’re serious about diversifying beyond chocolate.
• International expansion: With a focus on key markets like China, India, and Brazil, Hershey is challenging Mondelez on its global turf.
• Brand loyalty: Hershey’s iconic status in the US gives them a strong foundation for expansion, with many consumers already familiar with their products.

Hershey’s marketing strategies are also worth noting. They’ve been quick to jump on trends like “better-for-you” snacking with products like Hershey’s Zero Sugar, directly competing with Mondelez’s healthier offerings.

Website – https://www.pepsico.com/

You might be wondering, “What’s a beverage company doing on this list?” Well, PepsiCo is much more than just fizzy drinks. Through its Frito-Lay division, PepsiCo has become a major player in the global snack market, giving Mondelez a run for its money in the savory snack category.

Here’s why PepsiCo is a force to be reckoned with:

• Frito-Lay’s dominance: Brands like Lay’s, Doritos, and Cheetos have massive global appeal.
• Cross-promotion power: PepsiCo’s ability to pair snacks with beverages gives them a unique advantage in marketing and distribution.
• Health-conscious offerings: With brands like Bare and Off The Eaten Path, PepsiCo is tapping into the growing demand for healthier snacks.

PepsiCo’s “Better Together” strategy, which emphasizes the complementary nature of their food and beverage portfolio, has been particularly effective. This approach allows them to create unique snacking experiences that Mondelez may find challenging to replicate.

5. Ferrero Group

Website – https://www.ferrero.com/int/en/

From its humble beginnings in Italy, Ferrero has grown into a global confectionery powerhouse. Best known for Nutella, Ferrero Rocher, and Kinder, this family-owned company has been making aggressive moves to challenge Mondelez’s market position.

Ferrero’s strategy includes:

• Strategic acquisitions: The purchase of Nestlé’s US confectionery business and Kellogg’s cookie brands has significantly expanded Ferrero’s presence in North America.
• Premium positioning: Ferrero’s products are often perceived as more luxurious, appealing to consumers looking for indulgent treats.
• Innovative packaging: From the iconic Ferrero Rocher golden wrappers to Kinder Joy’s toy-containing eggs, Ferrero knows how to make their products stand out on shelves.

Ferrero’s commitment to quality and their knack for creating “special occasion” treats gives them a unique position in the market. While Mondelez might dominate everyday snacking, Ferrero is capturing those moments when consumers want to indulge or impress.

6. Kellogg Company

Website – https://www.kelloggs.com/en_US/home.html

Kellogg might be best known for cereals, but they’re quickly becoming a force to be reckoned with in the snack world. By leveraging their trusted brand name and focusing on innovation, Kellogg is giving Mondelez some serious competition.

Here’s how Kellogg is shaking things up:

• Snackification of cereals: Transforming popular cereals into on-the-go snacks, like Froot Loops cereal bars.
• Plant-based innovation: With the MorningStar Farms brand, Kellogg is tapping into the growing plant-based snack market.
• Millennial and Gen Z focus: Brands like RXBAR appeal to younger consumers looking for clean-label, protein-rich snacks.

Kellogg’s marketing strategies are particularly noteworthy. They’ve been adept at using social media and influencer partnerships to connect with younger consumers, an area where Mondelez has traditionally been strong.

7. General Mills

Website – https://www.generalmills.com/about-us

General Mills is another company that’s successfully transitioned from the breakfast table to all-day snacking. With a diverse portfolio that includes everything from granola bars to premium ice cream, General Mills is becoming an increasingly important player in the global snack market.

Key aspects of General Mills’ strategy include:

• Natural and organic focus: The acquisition of Annie’s Homegrown has bolstered their position in the better-for-you snack category.
• Global expansion: While strong in North America, General Mills is increasingly focusing on international markets, particularly in Europe and Asia.
• Snack bar dominance: With brands like Nature Valley and Lärabar, General Mills is a major competitor in the growing snack bar market.

General Mills’ approach to product development, which emphasizes speed to market and adapting to local tastes, has allowed them to quickly respond to changing consumer preferences – a key advantage in the fast-paced snack industry.

8. Grupo Bimbo

Website – https://www.grupobimbo.com/en

Don’t let the playful name fool you – Grupo Bimbo is a serious contender in the global snack market. As the world’s largest baking company, this Mexican multinational is rapidly expanding its presence beyond Latin America, putting pressure on Mondelez in key markets.

Grupo Bimbo’s strengths include:

• Diverse portfolio: From bread and buns to cookies and snack cakes, Bimbo covers a wide range of snacking occasions.
• Strong distribution network: Bimbo’s efficient distribution system allows them to get fresh products to market quickly.
• Emerging market expertise: With strong roots in Latin America, Bimbo has valuable experience in navigating complex, developing markets.

Bimbo’s recent acquisitions, including East Balt Bakeries and Mr. Bagels, show they’re serious about expanding their global footprint. Their ability to blend global brands with local favorites makes them a formidable competitor to Mondelez.

9. Meiji Holdings

Website – https://www.meiji.com/global/

While perhaps less familiar to Western consumers, Meiji is a major player in the Asian confectionery market and is increasingly making its presence felt globally. This Japanese company is known for its unique flavor profiles and innovative product offerings.

Here’s what makes Meiji a competitor to watch:

• Unique flavors: Products like Matcha-flavored chocolate appeal to consumers looking for new taste experiences.
• Health focus: Meiji has been quick to develop functional snacks, including probiotic chocolates and protein-enriched products.
• Quality perception: Meiji’s products are often perceived as high-quality, premium offerings, especially in Asian markets.

Meiji’s expansion beyond Asia, particularly into the US market, shows they’re ready to compete on a global scale. Their ability to blend traditional Asian flavors with Western snack formats could give them a unique edge against Mondelez.

10. Conagra Brands

Website  – https://www.conagrabrands.com/

Rounding out our top 10 is Conagra Brands, a company that’s been quietly building a formidable snack portfolio. While perhaps best known for its frozen foods, Conagra has made significant inroads into the snack market in recent years.

Key aspects of Conagra’s snack strategy include:

• Strategic acquisitions: The purchase of Angie’s BOOMCHICKAPOP and Duke’s meat snacks has diversified their snack offerings.
• Focus on modern health trends: Many of Conagra’s snack brands, like Healthy Choice Power Bowls, align with current health and wellness trends.
• Innovative product development: Conagra has been quick to jump on trends like plant-based snacking and premium popcorn varieties.

Conagra’s ability to quickly develop and launch new products in response to consumer trends makes them a nimble competitor in the snack space. Their diverse portfolio allows them to compete with Mondelez across multiple snack categories.

Conclusion: A Feast of Competition

As we’ve seen, the battle for snack supremacy is far from over! Mondelez may be a giant in the industry, but these top competitors are keeping them on their toes with innovative products, strategic expansions, and a keen eye on changing consumer preferences. From Nestlé’s global reach to Grupo Bimbo’s emerging market expertise, each rival brings something unique to the table.

The snack industry is evolving rapidly, driven by health trends, sustainability concerns, and changing consumer tastes. Companies that can innovate quickly, adapt to local preferences, and meet the growing demand for healthier options are likely to thrive in this competitive landscape.

As consumers, we’re the real winners in this delicious competition. The fierce rivalry between these snack giants means more choice, more innovation, and potentially better products for us all. So, next time you’re reaching for a snack, why not try something new? You might just discover your next favorite treat from one of these Mondelez challengers.

The question is, which one will you choose? Will you stick with the familiar comfort of an Oreo, or will you venture out to try a new offering from one of these ambitious competitors? The future of snacking is in your hands – and your taste buds!

Also Read: Who are Nestle’s Top Competitors and Alternatives?

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