essay on problems of pakistan with outline

Essay On Problems Of Pakistan (200 & 500 Words)

Essay on problems of pakistan (200 words).

Pakistan, a developing South Asian country, faces numerous challenges on its journey toward progress and prosperity. The most pressing problems are terrorism, economic instability, the energy crisis, and poor education and healthcare systems.

Terrorism remains a significant threat in Pakistan, with extremist factions destabilizing the peace and security of the country. The government must strengthen its counter-terrorism strategies while addressing the root causes of extremism, such as poverty, illiteracy, and political instability.

Economic instability is another critical issue impacting millions of Pakistanis’ lives. High inflation, unemployment, and widespread corruption hinder the country’s growth. The government should prioritize investing in infrastructure and supporting small and medium-sized enterprises to improve economic stability. Additionally, anti-corruption measures must be enforced to ensure transparency and accountability in public affairs.

The energy crisis in Pakistan disrupts daily life and hampers industrial development. To tackle this problem, the government should invest in sustainable energy sources like solar and wind power, which can help to reduce dependency on fossil fuels and alleviate the energy shortage.

Lastly, Pakistan’s poor education and healthcare systems are significant barriers to social development. Improving access to quality education is essential to empower future generations and reduce poverty. Meanwhile, investment in healthcare infrastructure and capacity building will improve the population’s overall well-being.

In conclusion, addressing these pressing problems is crucial for Pakistan to progress toward a brighter future. Through effective counter-terrorism strategies, economic stabilization, investments in sustainable energy sources, and improving education and healthcare systems, Pakistan can overcome these challenges and achieve sustainable development.

Essay On Problems Of Pakistan (500 words)

Title: The Multifaceted Problems of Pakistan

Pakistan, a nation with a rich cultural heritage and diverse traditions, has faced various challenges since its inception in 1947. This essay aims to shed light on the fundamental problems that have hindered the growth and progress of the country. These issues include political instability, terrorism, and economic, social, and environmental concerns. It is vital to address these problems to pave the way for Pakistan’s prosperous and stable future.

Political Instability: The foremost issue that plagues Pakistan is political instability, which has persisted throughout its history. Frequent military interventions, weak democratic institutions, and rampant corruption have all contributed to the precarious political landscape. This lack of stability has directly impacted the country’s economic and social development. To foster progress, Pakistan must strengthen its democratic institutions and foster a culture of transparency and accountability.

Terrorism: Pakistan has been grappling with the menace of terrorism for decades, which has claimed thousands of innocent lives and severely affected the nation’s social fabric. The country’s strategic position, along with its porous borders, has made it vulnerable to infiltration by extremist groups. To counter this threat, Pakistan must continue strengthening its counter-terrorism measures, promote interfaith harmony, and address the root causes of extremism, such as poverty and illiteracy.

Economic Woes: Pakistan’s economy is plagued by many issues, including low GDP growth, high inflation, and a ballooning fiscal deficit. Many people live below the poverty line, and unemployment remains a pressing concern. To address these economic challenges, Pakistan must focus on boosting its industrial sector, investing in human capital, and pursuing economic reforms to encourage foreign investment.

Social Issues: The nation also grapples with various social issues hamper its progress. Illiteracy, gender inequality, and lack of access to basic healthcare are among the most pressing concerns. To tackle these issues, the government must prioritize education, particularly for girls, and invest in healthcare infrastructure. Additionally, efforts should be made to raise awareness about the importance of gender equality and women’s empowerment.

Environmental Concerns: Pakistan is increasingly vulnerable to climate change and environmental degradation. Deforestation, water scarcity, and air pollution are just a few environmental challenges the country faces. To combat these issues, Pakistan must develop and implement sustainable environmental policies, promote afforestation, and invest in renewable energy sources.

In conclusion, the problems of Pakistan are multifaceted, ranging from political instability and terrorism to economic woes and social issues. While these challenges may seem impossible, the nation must unite and work towards a better future. By strengthening democratic institutions, combating terrorism, pursuing economic reforms, addressing social concerns, and investing in environmental sustainability, Pakistan can overcome these hurdles and chart a path toward prosperity and stability.

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Essay on Poverty in Pakistan with Outline | Causes and Solutions

Poverty in pakistan essay with outline for class 10, class 12 and graduation.

Here is an essay on Poverty in Pakistan with the outline for students of different classes. A good student should start writing Poverty in Pakistan essay with an outline and later discuss the reasons behind it and should end up with the solutions to deal with the reasons of this problem.

Outline of Essay on Poverty in Pakistan for F.A, FSC, 2nd Year, B.A & BSC

• Introduction with the Poverty in Pakistan.
• Reasons behind this problem.
• Population explosion
• The economic system is based on feudalism
• unequal distribution of wealth
• Politicians of Pakistan
• Solutions to deal with this problem.

Poverty in Pakistan Essay

Pakistan is a poor and underdeveloped country. Most of its population lives in entirely adverse circumstances. Some reports reveal that more than forty percent population of Pakistan live below the line of poverty. The average income of a poor Pakistani is less than two dollars. A large number of people in our country do not have a proper place to live. This miserable condition has given birth to a large number of beggars and needy people, who live on the charity of the rich people. The economic condition of an average individual is very pathetic. Poverty, hunger and unemployment afflict a large section of the population. The causes of poverty’are quite obvious and known.

Firstly: We are facing a population explosion. There are more mouths to feed than there are hands to earn. One member of the family has to feed and support a large family. His income is limited. He cannot afford to maintain a large family. He works hard and consequently, he falls ill and dies. Then his wife steps in, work in village field or city homes to bring up her children. This cycle of poverty goes on. A poor remains poor the whole of his life. The main cause of poverty in Pakistan lies in the difference between the resources and the population increase.

Secondly: Most of the people in Pakistan are uneducated. They are ill-equipped to lead a good life. They do not know the modern methods of farming. They are ignorant to better ways of earning money in the mills and factories. With poor knowledge of life, they cannot increase production in mills and factories. Modern machinery is mostly computerized. An uneducated person cannot understand and operate the computer. How can he add to his income? The result is that he remains poor till the last moment of his life. It is very sad that rulers do not educate the workers. The workers do not get a chance to earn more money.

Thirdly: Our economic system is based on feudalism. A big landlord keeps the small farmers and workers under his political slavery. The “Haries” in Sindh, for example, have tried to get freedom from the feudal lords but who avail. In Baluchistan, there exists the “Sardari system”. This system does not allow the children of a poor farmer to get the education and find good jobs. Higher education is open only to the children of big landlords and sardars. in Punjab and NWFP the same condition exists.The economic condition of the small farmers and workers cannot become better in the presence of feudal lords i.

Fourthly: Pakistan is a country where there is no social, cultural and economic justice. The rich people in Pakistan are becoming mere rich, while the poor are becoming more poor. The economic disparity between the rich and the poor has eaten the very vitals of society.

Fifthly: Poverty in Pakistan exists due to Scarcity of jobs in the public and government sector. Our rulers are not responsible, dedicated and missionary. They failed to build new dams, a network of industry and roads in the country. The shortage of electricity and gas has resulted in the lock up of mills and factories. New factories were not set up in the past. The result is that our uneducated worker remains unemployed. The educated people have degrees, but they do not have opportunities to get a job. Many countries in the world have solved this problem. Pakistan too can solve the problem by adopting the following measures.

The rulers of Pakistan must discard their lavish way of living. They must be “one” with their people. They must lead a life of a common and hardworking person. This will go a long way to bridge. over the disparity between a rich and poor person. The population explosion must be controlled. People should be educated and guided to produce a small number of children. More industries, mills and factories should be set up to provide jobs to the workers and Small farmers.

If you have ended up reading with Essay on Poverty in Pakistan, you can go for Essay on Child Labour .

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Economic Crisis: Causes, Impacts, and Way Forward

• Aamir Sohail
• December 7, 2023
• CSS , CSS Essays , CSS Solved Essays , Economy of Pakistan

CSS and PMS Solved Essays | Economic Crisis: Causes, Impacts, and Way Forward

Aamir Sohail , a Sir Syed Kazim Ali student, has attempted the CSS essay “ Economic Crisis: Causes, Impacts, and Way Forward ” on the given pattern, which Sir  Syed Kazim Ali  teaches his students. Sir Syed Kazim Ali has been Pakistan’s top English writing and CSS, PMS essay and precis coach with the highest success rate of his students. The essay is uploaded to help other competitive aspirants learn and practice essay writing techniques and patterns to qualify for the essay paper.

1- Introduction

2- Understanding the term: economic crisis

3- A brief overview of the current economic situation of Pakistan

4- What are the causes behind the severe economic crisis in the country?

• Case in point : Pakistan turning to the IMF for the 23 rd time
• Case in point : The recent political crisis resulting in the Pakistan Democratic Movement and political instability in the country
• Case in point : The underdeveloped Automotive industry in the country; a glaring example in this case
• Case in point : Ministry of Power Division report 2023, highlighting demand of 30,154 MW against supply of 22,000 MW
• Case in point : According to Transparency International’s Corruption Perception Index, 2022, Pakistan ranks 140th out of 180 countries
• Case in point : According to Pakistan’s Institute of Development Economics, the country’s tax-to-GDP ratio is stagnant at 10%

5- What are the consequences of the economic crisis in Pakistan?

• Case in point : According to the State Bank of Pakistan, the country’s Current Account Deficit jumped to $0.5 billion in June 2023.
• Case in point : Low production and manufacturing industries in the country with heavy reliance on agriculture
• Case in point : According to the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics report in June 2023, there is an inflation rate of 29.4% 
• Case in point : A report by the World Bank ranking Pakistan 108th out of 190 countries in the formation of a new business
• Case in point : FDI decline of 23.2% as indicated by the Pakistan Economic Survey 22-23
• Case in point : Research by Bloomberg indicating a 38% devaluation of the Pak rupee in FY 22-23

6- Suggestions to overcome the economic crisis in the country

• ✓ To pursue the independent economic path
• ✓ To create a charter of the economy
• ✓ To boost exports and curb luxury imports
• ✓ To mobilize tax collections
• ✓ To improve governance system
• ✓ To control the inflation rate and pursue a determined exchange rate policy

7- Conclusion

In today’s world, no nation can truly achieve greatness without a strong and independent economy that benefits all segments of society. An economically stable country is a prerequisite for inclusive politics, women empowerment, and the development of a just society. Conversely, nations that fail to establish a sound economy suffer from deplorable socio-political indicators and cannot attain prosperity. Sadly, Pakistan is currently facing a severe economic crisis that has shaken the country’s foundations and led to a quagmire of issues. Over-dependence on international lenders, chronic political instability, lack of industrialization, severe energy crisis, and poor governance are the primary reasons behind this dire situation. The consequences of this crisis are grave and can be seen in rising twin deficits, surging inflation rate, declining foreign direct investment, and devaluation of the Pakistani rupee. However, all hope is not lost, and Pakistan can overcome this crisis by introducing effective structural reforms. It is high time that the country pursued an independent economic path and created a charter of the economy. Boosting exports while curbing lavish imports will also promote economic stability. The only way to address the country’s severe economic difficulties is by taking action now. Pakistan must act decisively to overcome this crisis and achieve a prosperous future. With concerted effort and effective measures, Pakistan can emerge from this crisis stronger than ever before.

An economic crisis is a period of severe economic disruption characterised by sharp economic activity declines. It can take various forms, such as banking crises, currency crises, debt crises, and more. The common features of an economic crisis include the decline of gross domestic product (GDP) growth, tightening of monetary rates, and rising inflation rate. The world has faced several economic crises over the period of time. For instance, the global financial crisis of 2008 led to a global recession and a sharp decline in economic activity, and the COVID-19 pandemic has caused a global economic crisis, affecting businesses worldwide.

At present, Pakistan faces a severe economic crisis that has jolted the country’s foundations. The economic crisis in the country is evident from slow economic growth, rise in CAD, surge in inflation, and stagnant exports. According to the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics report in June 2023, the inflation rate in the country has reached 29.4% and is projected to increase further. The unprecedented increase in inflation has eroded the purchasing power of low-middle-income groups in the country. Further, according to the State Bank of Pakistan, the country had CAD of $0.5 billion in June 2023. The CAD has resulted in a balance of payment crisis and has led to constant devaluation of the Pak rupee in the recent two years. The economic crisis has become a looming threat to the country and has engulfed the country on all fronts.  

Multiple causes have contributed to the severe economic crisis in Pakistan. First, over-dependence on international lenders leads to an economic crisis in the country. The country signed a nine-month economic stabilization program with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in July 2023. Pakistan has a regular history of borrowing from international lenders to avert the balance of payment crisis. Since its independence, Pakistan has borrowed twenty-three times from the IMF to stabilize its economy. The borrowing comes with strict covenants and forces the country to adopt austerity measures to stem the economic decline. It raises the country’s debt, increases debt servicing costs, and makes the country vulnerable to external shocks, ultimately affecting the economic stability of the country. Hence, excessive reliance on international financial institutions leads to economic crises in the country. 

Second, chronic political instability has led to the economic crisis in Pakistan. Political stability is a prerequisite for sustained economic growth and uniform business policies and leads to an inclusive economy in a country. However, Pakistan faces acute political instability that has debilitated the country’s economic progress. The country’s recent political crisis resulted in the national assembly’s dissolution and the formation of a democratic alliance called the Pakistan Democratic Movement. The constant changing of governments in the country has created uncertainty in investors’ minds unwilling to invest in a high-risk environment where economic policies change at the whelm of the new government. Therefore, frequent interventions in the democratic functioning of a government have contributed towards the economic crisis in the country.

Besides political instability, the lack of industrialization is one of the major factors behind the grave economic situation of the country. Industrialization drives economic growth, fueling production and creating employment in a country. However, Pakistan’s economy has been heavily reliant on agriculture and has failed to increase its share in manufacturing and service domains. For instance, the Automotive industry in Pakistan is a glaring example in this case, as the country only assembles cars and motorcycles and has failed to produce any of the major components, such as engines and transmissions. Several other industries demonstrate the same example, as the country relies on imports instead of building the capacity of the local industry. Hence, the lack of industrialization slows economic growth and ultimately pushes the country toward economic decline.

Furthermore, the severe energy crisis is also one of the major impediments behind the country’s economic crisis. An efficient and adequate energy supply is vital for industries and fuels the economic growth of a country. However, being an energy-starved country, Pakistan faces numerous challenges due to constrained energy resources. According to the Ministry of Division report in 2023, Pakistan’s electricity demand is 30,154 MWs, while the country produces 22,000 MWs, resulting in a shortage of over 8,000 MWs. Limited energy supply to industries affects their production patterns, increases operational costs, and raises business costs. Frequent power outages further disrupt business operations, resulting in the country’s closure and relocation of industries. Therefore, the energy crisis is a major factor behind the economic crisis in Pakistan.  

In addition, the country’s poor governance system has stimulated the country’s economic crisis. A country facing a governance crisis fails to allocate its resources effectively, hold wrongdoers accountable, and efficiently deliver public services. Unfortunately, Pakistan presents a similar case as the country’s economic woes result from a poor governance. According to Transparency International’s Corruption Perception Index, 2022, Pakistan ranks 140th out of 180 countries worldwide. Corruption in the country has diverted resources away from productive activities and has resulted in unfair business practices that have created havoc on the country’s public institutions. Hence, Pakistan’s governance crisis has exacerbated the country’s economic woes.

Last but not least, the ineffective mobilization of the country’s tax resources has resulted in an economic crisis. Effective tax measures generate revenue, which is used for domestic expenditure, import payments, and averting balance of payment crises. However, Pakistan’s taxation system has proved ineffective and has failed to enhance the country’s revenue. According to Pakistan’s Institute of Development Economics, the country’s tax to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ratio is stagnant at 10%. The low tax-to-GDP ratio has limited the government’s ability to finance public services and investments and has made the country reliant on external support to cover its expenditures. Therefore, the ineffective mobilization of tax resources has resulted in the economic crisis in Pakistan.

These causes indeed have grave consequences for Pakistan. First, the Current Account Deficit (CAD) and the fiscal deficit are the major impacts of the economic crisis that has engulfed the country. The CAD is the excess of a country’s imports over its exports, and fiscal deficit is an increase in a government’s expenditures over its savings during a financial year. According to a report by the Ministry of Finance, Pakistan’s fiscal deficit stood at 7.9% on 30 th June 2023, while the State Bank of Pakistan reported CAD of $0.5 billion in June 2023. The twin deficits have resulted in lower private investments and have made the government vulnerable to external stocks due to excessive reliance on international lenders to finance its expenditures. Thus, the twin deficits are the grave impact of the economic crisis that the country faces.

Second, the economic crisis in the country has resulted in an undiversified economy. An undiversified economy depends on a few sectors and fails to venture into new industries and sectors. For instance, the economic crisis in Pakistan has made the country’s economy reliant on traditional sectors, such as agriculture and textile industry, and the country has been unable to develop innovative industries and new sectors. The undiversified economy has limited the country’s competitiveness in the world and diminished the country’s economic growth rate. Therefore, the economic crisis has led to an undiversified economy in the country.

Moreover, the unprecedented rise in the inflation rate directly impacts the economic crisis. Inflation is the general increase in the price of commodities over some time, and it erodes consumers’ purchasing power. In Pakistan, inflation has overshadowed previous boundaries and has created havoc on the low-middle income groups. According to the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics report in June 2023, the inflation rate in the country has reached 29.4% and is projected to increase further. The massive rise in the inflation rate has surged price levels for all essential items, affecting the populace’s ability to afford even the necessities. Hence, the surging inflation rate is a major impact of the economic crisis that the country faces.     

Besides unprecedented inflation, the hindrances to establishing a new business are also the impact of the economic crisis. In Pakistan, the economic crisis has made it difficult for businesses to start and grow. According to a study by the World Bank, Pakistan ranks 108th out of 190 countries in the formation of a new business. Several hindrances in complex regulations, difficult access to finance, and bureaucratic delays have deterred investors from committing their capital under strict restrictions. Therefore, the impact of the economic crisis hinders the formation of new businesses. 

Furthermore, the decline in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is one of the major impacts of the economic crisis. FDI fuels economic growth by establishing new businesses and increasing employment opportunities in a country. However, due to its economic woes, Pakistan has failed to attract FDI in recent years. This is evident as Pakistan’s Economic Survey 2022-23 indicated an FDI decline of 23.2%. Short-sighted economic policies, poor economic infrastructure, and uncertainty in the country’s economic sphere have discouraged foreign investors from investing. Hence, the decline in FDI is a result of the economic crisis.

In addition, the economic crisis has resulted in the constant devaluation of the Pak rupee. Pak rupee has depreciated significantly in the last two years against the major currencies, resulting in a balance of payment crisis in the country. According to research by Bloomberg, the Pak rupee depreciated by 38% in Financial Year 22-23. The pressure created on the Pak rupee can be illustrated by the rise in the Current Account Deficit, as the country’s imports have grown substantially and have increased the demand for foreign currencies at the expense of the local currency. Thus, the rapid devaluation of the Pak rupee results from the economic crisis.

However, despite the severity of the crisis, Pakistan can avoid it by adopting some crucial measures. First, Pakistan shall pursue an independent economic policy to overcome the crisis. Pakistan’s reliance on international lenders, especially the IMF, has influenced and shaped its macroeconomic decisions. The country has to accept and complete several conditionalities placed by the lenders to ensure the release of agreed funds. By pursuing an independent economic path, the government can freely decide how to stabilize its economy by independently pursuing fiscal and monetary tools. Hence, pursuing an independent economic path that creates a favourable environment for local investors can steer the country out of the economic crisis.

Second, the country shall create a charter of the economy to overcome the economic crisis. A charter of economy is a document that outlines the government’s economic policies and actions. Currently, the economic policies are being formulated at the will of incumbent governments with nominal input from the concerned stakeholders. However, by creating a charter, a roadmap for reform can be created that will provide a sense of certainty and stability to investors, irrespective of the changes in government. The charter shall only be created after consultation with the concerned stakeholders to ensure it is comprehensive and addresses the underlying economic problems. Hence, by creating a charter of the economy, the country can pave the way towards economic growth.

Besides creating a charter of the economy, the government shall introduce measures to boost exports while curbing lavish imports. The country’s CAD has seen a significant rise in recent years due to a massive increase in imports, while the exports have remained stagnant. It is high time that the government shall take concrete steps by providing businesses with easy access to credit, subsidies, tax advantages, and consultancy to boost their exports. In the case of imports, special measures shall be introduced to discourage luxury imports that serve the purpose of the elite class. Restrictions such as quotas, tariffs, and import duties shall be increased to curb lavish imports. Thus, the country can overcome the economic crisis by boosting exports and curbing lavish imports. 

Furthermore, the effective mobilization of tax resources can assist the country to overpower the economic crisis. An effective tax system gives a country adequate revenue to finance domestic expenditures and meet external fiscal requirements. Unfortunately, Pakistan’s current % tax-to-GDP ratio of 10% is significantly below the Scandinavian countries’ ratio of over 40%, which have achieved high economic gains due to effective tax collections. By broadening the tax base, simplifying the tax code, and improving tax administration, the country can manifold its revenue to strengthen its fiscal base, ultimately overcoming the economic crisis.

In addition, the country can overcome the economic crisis by improving its governance system. Good governance is essential for the sustainable development of the economy as it ensures the rule of law, strict accountability, and adequate management of resources. Unfortunately, Pakistan faces an acute governance crisis that has hampered its economic growth. However, the country shall take measures such as strengthening public institutions, curbing corruption, and ensuring accountability to augment the governance system that will ultimately steer the country out of the economic crisis. 

Last but not least, to overcome the economic crisis, the country shall adopt measures to control the inflation rate and pursue a market-determined exchange rate policy. In Pakistan, the inflation rate has reached a record high, and the exchange rate has plummeted, with massive devaluation of the Pak rupee. The country can control the unprecedented increase in inflation by tightening monetary policy and reducing government spending on non-essential items. At the same time, the exchange rate can be strengthened by reducing the government interference in the foreign exchange market and exporting more than the country’s imports. Hence, the government can overcome the economic crisis by controlling the inflation rate and following a market-determined exchange rate policy.  

To conclude, Pakistan is plagued with a severe economic crisis that has dented its socio-economic fabric and led to many issues for the country. The country’s GDP growth has stagnated, foreign reserves have plummeted, and the rupee has seen a massive downward spiral. Indeed, the economy is the base upon which a nation’s progress stands. However, a weak economy can stifle a country’s progress. The reasons behind the economic crisis in Pakistan can be attributed to over-dependence on international lenders, lack of political stability, and severe energy crisis while the consequences are evident from the rising twin deficits, surging inflation rate, and devaluation of the Pak rupee. However, all hope is not lost as the country can overcome the crisis by introducing effective measures. For this purpose, the government shall pursue independent economic policies, create a charter of the economy, boost exports, and control the inflation rate to steer the country towards economic stability.

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Economic Crisis of Pakistan Essay Outlin

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Preview text, essay on economic problems of.

Jan. 27th, 2018 Send to Kindle

Outline:Outline:

• Introduction: The dismal economic picture.
• Low economic growth rate.
• Declining investment in manufacturing sector

De-industrialization Neglected informal agriculture sector.

• Energy crisis and decaying infrastructure.
• Shrinking Foreign Direct Investment (FDI).
• Sluggish Revenue collection

Low Tax collection (Tax-to-GDP ratio). Tax evasion/tax amnesty schemes.

• Corrupt and inefficient tax collection system.
• Rolling Debt and Balance of Payment crises.

Burgeoning budgetary deficit. Excessive borrowing.

• Current Account deficit.
• Implication of worsening law and order situation on overall economic growth
• Bad law and order situation is hampering economic recovery.
• Huge sums are to be allocated to defence and scanty apparatus at the cost of social and developmental projects.
• Political instability

Weak and corrupt central government.

Clash-like situation between state institutions.

• Corrupt system of governance

Structural and institutional fault-lines. Fiasco of policy implementation. Faulty trade policy and planning.

• Trade deficit

Declining exports. Increasing import bill.

• Loss making public sector enterprises (PSEs)
• Effects of bleeding economic out look

Low human development index. Unemployment. Increasing inflation. Poverty trap widened. Brain drainage. Toll on overall social development.

• Suggestion to salvage the economic recovery

Need to improve security situation. Need to introduce structural and organizational reforms in the economic model. Need to promote regional trade. Sound economic and trade policy. Domestic resource mobilization and domestic trade need to be promoted. Establishment of special economic zones (SEZs). Public-Private partnership for economic growth. Human resource and skill development.

• Translating socio-political positive developments into public policy i.

Growing Remittances Demographic dividends Woman empowerment

percent is not sufficient to support sustainable economic development. The government in its budget scheme projected the growth rate at 4 percent but had miserably failed to achieve that goal. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) estimated growth rate is lowest in South Asia, even behind Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. The low economic performance leads to wide-spread unemployment, poverty, malnutrition, inflation etc. About one million young people enter the labour force of the country every year, to absorb such a huge proposition of unemployment youth in jobs, we need to have at least 7 percent economic growth rate for at least five years. The current trend, however, is just compounding the joblessness and pushing millions move into the poverty trap. All these hardships are hampering investment, both domestic and foreign in employment generating sectors, i. manufacturing sectors.

There are reports that a number of textile manufacturers have relocated their industry in other countries such as Bangladesh, Vietnam, Sri Lanka and Tanzania etc. The Government and the economic managers should be mindful of the fact that de-industrialization has heavy toll on the social development of a society. When a factory is shut down either temporarily because of frequent power outages or permanently shifted to another destination4hundreds and thousands of households are forced to starve until their bread-winners have a new job. Apart from its implications on human development, de-industrialization or low industrial growth has serious repercussions for over-all economic development. Economic survey of Pakistan has estimated that the manufacturing sector is employing 14 percent of the workforce, and contributing about 63 percent of taxes and making 25 percent of the GDP.

Another equally neglected area is the agriculture sector that employs 45 percent of the workforce contributes 22 percent to the GDP and paying only 1 percent in income tax. This sector requires urgent reforms in terms of redistribution of cultivable land, bringing the sector into the tax net and improving the lot of the less fortunate peasantry. A report published by the <Sustainable Development Policy Institution= (SDPI) showed a phenomenal increase in the value of crops near the last five years the value added price of wheat, rice, cotton and sugarcane (combined) was 530 Billion Rupees in (2006-07). But added value of the crops jumped to Rs. 1500 Billion in (2011-12). Inspite of this increase in value, no additional taxes are forthcoming. Moreover, the substantial share of profits from agricultural proceeds is pocketed by landed gentry. Thus landlords of this part of the world are not contributing positively in the country9s economic and social

development. More often than not, they are at the driving seat of the political system of the state as well. The land mafia is running the political show of the country in a way that furthers its vested interests. They discourage social and infrastructure development projects in their areas (rather fiefdoms). The gist of the matter is that the present politico-economic order favours the perpetuation of vested interests of the elitist groups in Pakistan today.

The informal sector of economy, like agricultural, small and medium enterprises and services sectors employees more than 60 percent of the workforce, it contributes about 35 percent to 50 percent of the GDP. This sector has yet to see the necessary reforms and regulations. According to an International Labour Organization report, the workers employed in the informal sector are more vulnerable to exploitation. They are paid low wages, maltreated, over-worked and are not covered by social security nets. Tax evasions are rampant. The economic and political administrators need to pay special attention to modernize and regularize this expanding sector. A regularized sector of erstwhile informal economy will definitely generate new jobs, improve working conditions and generate new revenues for the cash starve government/exchequer. The services sector, nevertheless, is a redeeming feature of the struggling Pakistani economy. This sector has seen phenomenal growth over the decade. This sector telecom, banking, real estate development marketing4contributes more than 50 percent of the GDP. Its share in jobs and taxes is 41 percent and 36 percent respectively. These sector employees are educated and trained workforce.

A sustainable economic growth requires a balanced growth in all the sectors of the economy. <The dream of sustainable growth can only be realized through structural reforms in the country9s economic model. It further requires reforms in the total system, reforms in energy sector. Uninterrupted provision of energy is the fundamental theme of sustainable economic growth.

Decaying and insufficient infrastructure is another stumbling block on the way to economic recovery Roads, Railways, Communications, Bridges, Transport, Dams, Canals, Sea Ports, Air Ports etc. are either few in number to cater the needs of the economy or insufficient and broken. The infrastructure is too weak to support the march of economic growth. Developmental projects always feature as the lowest priority of the rulers of the country. Budgetary deficit and balance of payment are always procured from the developmental funds that are already on periphery of the

expected Rs. 3 Trillion during the current fiscal year (2011-12). While the country9s fiscal deficit stands at Rs. 1 Trillion which is eight (08) percent of the GDP.

Tax evasion is very common phenomenon in the tax regime of Pakistan. A recent report published by National Database and Registration Authority (NADRA) has identified about 1 million people who own luxury cars, live in posh areas, have big houses and frequently go on foreign trips. This discovered gentry pay no taxes. Similarly another study conducted by LUMS showed that only Rs. 38 out of Rs. 100 due of tax is collected by the Revenue System. The remaining Rs. 62 is pocketed by tax collector and tax payer. The system of tax collection needs overhauling. The tax-net needs to be widened to cover all formal and informal sectors of the economy. The tax evasion must be dealt with penal liabilities.  Corruption on the part of tax collector should also be brought to an end. Last but not least, tax payer9s money must be used transparently and fairly. It will inspire people9s confidence in the tax system. A transparency International report gave another but interesting account of tax evasion. It said, <another reason for evading taxes is the lack of people9s trust in the tax system and their doubts about appropriate use of their tax money=.

The government has, of lately, announced a tax amnesty scheme, whereby black money could be whitened by paying nominal charges/withholding tax. It is yet to be seen if the scheme helps widen the tax net and generate more funds. The key to improve the economic outlook lies in increasing the tax-to-GDP ratio. Yet another cause of sluggish economic growth is the excessive borrowing of the present govt. In the last five years the foreign debt has reached 62 Billion USD from 42 Bn USD in 2008. The government is also borrowing from the State Bank and the commercial Banks, hence doubting the domestic debt-liability. Despite the fact that <Fiscal liability and debt limitation Act= has set the debt ceiling at 60 percent of the GDP. The national debt currently stands at 62 percent of the GDP.

Excessive borrowing is made to meet the fiscal deficit which stands at 08 percent of the GDP or Rs. 1 Trillion. The other Herculean task being done by borrowed money is to keep the balance of payment going. Substantial amounts of the revenue go into debt servicing and interest servicing. To cap the fiscal deficit, government has asked for international loans from the IMF and so-called friends of Democratic Pakistan forum. The IMF finished its program in Pakistan last summer when government failed to implement the economic policy reforms as agreed upon

between Govt. and the fund. The so-called friends of Democratic Pakistan forum had made pledges to extend financial support to Pakistan but failed to honour their commitments.

If the history and the experience there if anything to go by, foreign aids and debts have done more harm than good to the socio-economic and political landscape of the country. So the sooner the country9s dependence on external capital inflow is reduced the better it is for its economic recovery. The alternate solution lies in the domestic resources mobilization.

The perilous law and order situation has hampered the economic activities across the country. Terrorism and suicide bombing in Khyber Pakhtoon-Khwa have dealt a severe blow to the provincial economy. Target killings in Karachi the commercial capital of the country, have also messed-up the socio-economic and cultural and political activities in the metropolis. The bad law and order situation has two dimensions. First, terrorism and related incidents have caused a loss of about 60 Bn USD to the business and property over the last 10 years. The toll of life is still horrific. Investors, particularly the foreign investors are reluctant to invest in such a volatile atmosphere when both life and property are in great perils secondly, expenditures on defence and security apparatus have increased manifold over the last decade. Thus precious funds and resources that would have been spent on social and human development projects are going to the state security apparatus. It is however, yet to be seen whether the strong security apparatus or the strong economy helps the nations to sail through rough waters!

Political stability is the first and foremost perquisite for sustainable economic growth. Weak and unstable political govt. cannot take tough policy decisions necessary to fix economic woes. Economy cannot grow in an uncertain political environment as political stability is necessary to boost private investment, create jobs and increase production. About political instability and institutional disharmony, the Moody9s investors Service has rightly observed about country9s state of economy. It said, <The institutional disharmony, particularly between judiciary, government and between military and government has hampered the government9s ability to frame effective economic policy and implement governance and financial reforms to salvage the sliding economy.=

The report further said, <&&clash-like situation among state organs has undermined government9s ability to formulate policies to address the country9s pressing domestic economic challenges, to bolster investors9 confidence and

most undesirable but unavoidable consequence of slow economic recovery and unemployment is the increasing incidence of poverty. A report published by <sustainable Development Policy Institute= (SDPI) has portrayed a very grim picture of poverty in Pakistan. According to the report, about 58. 7 million, out of 180 million (about 40%) of population, are living below the poverty line. The institute used the World Bank9s formula of 1 Dollars per person per day to compile the results. The province-wise distribution of poverty is given

Punjab 3 19% Sind 3 33% K 3 32%  Baluchistan 3 50%

Pakistan institute of Development Economists (PIDE) report revealed that <lack of Political and economic governance are responsible for the hefty rise in the incidence of poverty inspite of substantial increase in pro-poor expenditures over the years. Both the rural and urban poor continue to suffer multiple deprivations because of corruption, inefficiency and misplaced priorities. Dr. Mehboob-ul-Haq Centre in its report, human development in South Asia, concluded it with the following observation:-

<You cannot expect to cut poverty just by handing out cash to the poor. This requires investment in job generation sectors and improvement in public service delivery to eliminate deprivations to provide equal opportunities to the poor to compete and get out of the poverty trap=.

Thirdly, low economic growth, unemployment and poverty are pushing our men to travel to abroad in search of jobs. Talented and professionals are leaving the country when their country needed them the most to contribute in its economics and social development. This brain drainage has affected the economic growth in more than one ways.

Lastly, (of course not least) the dismal economic show and multiple economic problems have hampered the overall social development of the society. We are not able to improve the quality of education, provide health care facilities to a large segment of the population, safe and clean drinking water and above all to make sure the provision of much chanted dream of < Rote, Kapra and Makan=.

Increasing inflation has reduced the purchasing power of millions and pushing them into the poverty trap. Lower classes and middles classes are struggling hard to make the ends meet. Inflation has eaten up the savings of the people. Education and health facilities are no more within their reach. Resultantly, the marginalized sections of society are hit the hardest by the current economic crises. High inflation has tarnished our human development index.

Now let us examine some practical suggestions to fix the current economic woes of the country. First of all we will have to improve the security situation in the country. Person and property of the businessmen need to be protected. Secondly, urgent introduction of structural and institutional reforms are needed to put the economic cart on the motorway of sustainable economic adviser to the Federal Govt. to chalk out and implement deep-rooted structural and organizational reforms if it wants to achieve sustainable economic growth.

<Without fixing the structural fault linesin the economy, Pakistan cannot hope to grow its economy sustainably= 3 Sustainable Development Policy Institute=

Thirdly, the ongoing global economic recessions inter alia, has reduced the share of developing countries in international trade the trend has changed in favour of regional trade. Thus economies of South Asia can enormously benefit from regional trade. SAARC should be transformed into economic and trading bloc. Normalization of the economic ties between India and Pakistan will benefit both countries and the region at large. There is a huge potential in the South Asian Region to emerge on the lines of ASEAN as a trading bloc.

Fourthly, sound economic policies must be formulated and sternly implemented.  Reforms should be introduced in loss making. Dependence on external capital inflow should be minimized by captivating domestic resource mobilization and reducing non-developmental expenditures. Austerity measures should be adopted.

Fifthly, the downward slid of economic growth can also be arrested/checked by stimulating domestic resource mobilization. Tax system will have to be improved. Tax net needs to be widened to generate additional funds. Moreover, domestic trade should be promoted. It will create employment opportunities and accelerate indigenous business activities. Dr. Nadeem-ul-Haq, chairman planning commission reported to have said,

by side. An economic growth model which does not care for the

social end results is a failure by default. The economic growth must yield social development in terms of universal quality education healthcare and above all social security rest for all citizenry.

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1. Introduction

• Pakistan is a small but important country of the world
• Different ruling systems in Pakistan

2. Problems of Pakistan

• Energy Crises

3. More problems of Pakistan

• Poverty and illiteracy
• Unemployment and rising tide of crimes

4. How to tackle the problems?

• Follow the steps of great leaders
• Act upon unity, faith and discipline

5. Conclusion

"All problems become smaller if you don't dodge them, but confront them". (William F. Halsey)

Pakistan is a small but important country of the world. It has huge role in the political worlds. But on the other side, Pakistan is facing a lot of problems in these days. From its independence, Pakistan lived in different ruling systems; Dictatorship and Democratic system. Discontinuity of these ruling systems made confuse people of this country and are still confused to decide that which system suits their country. Every ruling time disappointed the public dur to which Pakistanis are suffering lot of social evils. Due to such type of situation, Pakistanis are unable to solve majority of the problems. Among those problems, some are discussed below:

Terrorism is the major problem that Pakistan is facing now-a-days. It is the root cause of all problems. It has become more destructive than previous years. Due to this, foreign investment is stopped in the country. Karachi, Lahore, Peshawar, Quetta and all the major cities of the country are at top hit list of terrorists. Today or tomorrow, Pakistan will have to eliminate terrorism from the country.

Energy crises is also another issue of our country. Today, Pakistan is facing all types of crises like electricity shortage, gas shortage, water crises etc. All these crises have made hell of people's lives. So, Pakistani government should resolve the issue of energy crises on priority basis.

Poverty is another major problem of Pakistan. About more than 60% population of Pakistan is under line of poverty. Government of Pakistan is failed to facilitate these poor people. Our government is just facilitating the rich to increase their wealth which is present in foreign banks. All these poor people of Pakistan are still seeing towards government or officials, but they are really busy in their political affairs and foreign tours. Due to poverty, Pakistan's economy is in worst condition ever in its history.

"Poverty is the worst form of violence". (Anonymous)

Illiteracy is another problem of Pakistan. Because of illiteracy, people cannot understand their problems and social realities well. It has kept them backward. These people can never hope to advance in any field of life.

Unemployment is also well known problem of Pakistan. The unemployment rate in Pakistan is increasing every year. Though government has launched many loan schemes yet still unemployment rate is high.

"When more and more people are thrown out of work, unemployment results". (Calvin Coolidge)

Last but not least, rising tide of crime, especially in the cities, in the form of dacoities, murders and target killing is increasing day by day.

What Pakistan needs the most today is to act upon the slogan given by father of the nation (Quaid-e-Azam) i.e unity, faith and discipline . First, all the institutions concerned should play their roles to remove all the problems of Pakistan. Secondly, every citizen must plan an active, sincere and honest role to abolish such issues from our dear homeland. There is no doubt, our country will progress in every field of life.

"Every problem comes with a baggage of solutions". (Snotish Kalwar)

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