short biography william wordsworth

William Wordsworth

(1770-1850)

Who Was William Wordsworth?

Poet William Wordsworth worked with Samuel Taylor Coleridge on Lyrical Ballads (1798). The collection, which contained Wordsworth's "Tintern Abbey," introduced Romanticism to English poetry. Wordsworth also showed his affinity for nature with the famous poem "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud." He became England's poet laureate in 1843, a role he held until his death in 1850.

Poet William Wordsworth was born on April 7, 1770, in Cockermouth, Cumberland, England. Wordsworth’s mother died when he was 7, and he was an orphan at 13. Despite these losses, he did well at Hawkshead Grammar School — where he wrote his first poetry — and went on to study at Cambridge University. He did not excel there, but managed to graduate in 1791.

Wordsworth had visited France in 1790 — in the midst of the French Revolution — and was a supporter of the new government’s republican ideals. On a return trip to France the next year, he fell in love with Annette Vallon, who became pregnant. However, the declaration of war between England and France in 1793 separated the two. Left adrift and without income in England, Wordsworth was influenced by radicals such as William Godwin.

In 1795, Wordsworth received an inheritance that allowed him to live with his sister, Dorothy. That same year, Wordsworth met Samuel Taylor Coleridge. The two became friends, and together worked on Lyrical Ballads (1798). The volume contained poems such as Coleridge's "Rime of the Ancient Mariner" and Wordsworth's "Tintern Abbey," and helped Romanticism take hold in English poetry.

The same year that Lyrical Ballads was published, Wordsworth began writing The Prelude , an epic autobiographical poem that he would revise throughout his life (it was published posthumously in 1850). While working on The Prelud e, Wordsworth produced other poetry, such as "Lucy." He also wrote a preface for the second edition of Lyrical Ballads ; it described his poetry as being inspired by powerful emotions and would come to be seen as a declaration of Romantic principles.

"Though nothing can bring back the hour, Of splendour in the grass, of glory in the flower." -- from Intimations of Immortality from Recollections of Early Childhood

In 1802, a temporary lull in fighting between England and France meant that Wordsworth was able to see Vallon and their daughter, Caroline. After returning to England, he wed Mary Hutchinson, who gave birth to the first of their five children in 1803. Wordsworth was also still writing poetry, including the famous "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud" and "Ode: Intimations of Immortality." These pieces were published in another Wordsworth collection, Poems, in Two Volumes (1807).

Evolving Poetry and Philosophy

As he grew older, Wordsworth began to reject radicalism. In 1813, he was named as a distributor of stamps and moved his family to a new home in the Lake District. By 1818, Wordsworth was an ardent supporter of the conservative Tories.

Though Wordsworth continued to produce poetry — including moving work that mourned the deaths of two of his children in 1812 — he had reached a zenith of creativity between 1798 and 1808. It was this early work that cemented his reputation as an acclaimed literary figure.

In 1843, Wordsworth became England's poet laureate, a position he held for the rest of his life. At the age of 80, he died on April 23, 1850, at his home in Rydal Mount, Westmorland, England.

QUICK FACTS

• Name: William Wordsworth
• Birth Year: 1770
• Birth date: April 7, 1770
• Birth City: Cockermouth, Cumberland, England
• Birth Country: United Kingdom
• Gender: Male
• Best Known For: At the end of the 18th century, poet William Wordsworth helped found the Romantic movement in English literature. He also wrote "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud."
• Fiction and Poetry
• Astrological Sign: Aries
• Cambridge University
• Death Year: 1850
• Death date: April 23, 1850
• Death City: Rydal Mount, Westmorland, England
• Death Country: United Kingdom

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CITATION INFORMATION

• Article Title: William Wordsworth Biography
• Author: Biography.com Editors
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• Publisher: A&E; Television Networks
• Last Updated: October 27, 2021
• Original Published Date: April 2, 2014

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William Wordsworth

In 1797, the Romantic Movement in English literature assumed its definite shape. William Wordsworth was among the founding members and the most significant figure of Romanticism in English Literature. He is recognized as a spiritual poet who has epistemological thought. He was the poet who focused on the relationship of humans to nature. He advocated the use of ordinary and everyday vocabulary and speech pattern poetry.

He started writing poetry when he was in grammar school. He went on a tour of Europe before graduation; this tour developed his affection for nature and compassion for an ordinary man. Nature and common man are the main themes of his poetry. Lyrical Ballads by Wordsworth and T.S Coleridge is marked as the founding stone of Romanticism. Moreover, his poem, “The Prelude,” is one of his best poems, relating the “growth of a poet’s mind.”

A Short Biography of William Wordsworth

William Wordsworth was born in Cumberland, England, on 7 th April 1770. At the age of 7, his mother died. Following the death of his mother, his father also died when he was 13 years old. Though he had lost a significant part of his life, he continued to perform well at the Hawkshead Grammar School. At Grammar School, he wrote his first poetry. After graduating from school, he went to Cambridge University for higher studies; however, he could not outshine and managed to graduate in 1791.

In 1790, during the French Revolution, Wordsworth visited France and supported the ideals of the new republican government. In 1791, on his return trip to France, he met Annette Vallon and fell in love with her. However, both were separated due to the declaration of war between the French and English in 1973. Wondering in England without any job, he was greatly influenced by activists like William Godwin. 

William Wordsworth as a Poet

Wordsworth received an inheritance in 1975 that made him live with his sister. In the same year, Wordsworth came across Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and they became good friends. They started working together on the most famous work of poetry, Lyrical Ballads, that was then published in 1798.   The volume was composed of the poems “Rime of the Ancient Mariner” by Coleridge and “Tintern Abbey” by Wordsworth.

Wordsworth also started writing The Prelude in 1798. The work is an auto-biological epic poem that he revised throughout his life. When he was working on The Prelude, he also wrote the poem “Lucy” and preface to the second edition of Lyrical Ballads . In the preface, he explained what poetry really is and said that it is “spontaneous overflow of powerful feeling and emotion, recollected in tranquility.” This preface was considered as the declaration of Romantic principles.

In 1802, the war between France and England had been stopped temporarily, and Wordsworth got a chance to see his beloved Vallon and their daughter, Caroline. When he returned to England, he married Mary Hutchinson. In 1803, their first child was born. Meanwhile, he was also writing poetry. The poetry he wrote in this time includes “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” and “Ode: Intimations of Immortality.” These poems published the collection of Two Volumes in 1807.

Between the years 1782 to 1808, Wordsworth wrote an immense number of poems, even the most touching that mourn the death of his two children. During this period, his creativity had reached a peak. The work that Wordsworth produced during this period made him one of the most acclaimed poets.

Developing Poetry, Philosophy, and Death

As Wordsworth was growing old, he started rejecting radicalism. In 1813, he was titled as “a distributor of stamps.” He moved with his family to a new place in the Lake District in the same years. In 1818, he started supporting the conservative Tories very enthusiastically.

Wordsworth became the poet laureate of England in 1843. He held this position until his death. He died at the age of 80, on 23 rd April 1850.

William Wordsworth’s Writing Style

The poetry Wordsworth has two fundamental features. These features are clearly outlined in his preface to the second edition of Lyrical Ballads. The first and important feature is the use of common language , as Wordsworth says, “ the language really used by men.”

His poetry was treated differently by the contemporary readers and critics as the diction employed by Wordsworth in his poem resembles that of the rough, illiterate peasants and villagers whom Wordsworth admired a lot. Before understating the distinctive characteristics of Wordsworth poetry, one must consider the poetic conventions before Romanticism; the poetry of the 18 th century uses high dictionary words with complex syntax.

Looking at the poetry of Wordsworth from this angle, his poetry has uncomplicated syntax , direct phrasing, and little illusion . For example, in the poem Daffodils , this aspect of his poetry is very obvious. The poem has an uncomplicated syntax and easy diction that readers, instead of reading, start singing it.

Wordsworth poetry is preoccupied with emotions . This is the second most important characteristic of his poetry that he discussed in his preface to the second edition of Lyrical Ballads. According to Wordsworth, poetry is “Spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings and emotions, recollected in tranquility.” 

According to him, the job of a poet is to examine his own self to recollect the powerful feelings of his life. These recollections include inspirational thoughts and events in his life that have greatly influenced him. Once these emotions are recollected, he then reorganizes them. The recollection of emotions is the most observable feature of the poetry of Wordsworth. His poetry is a result of the ordinary but moving thought.

One of the best examples of his sentimental poetry is his sonnet, “ Composed upon Westminster Bridge.” In the sonnet, the narrator is an admirer of nature and looks out at the busy industrial city of London to watch for the arresting beauty.

The unique styles of Wordsworth poetry are noticeable in his two most important works: Lyrical Ballads and The prelude. He wrote these two works in collaboration with S. T. Coleridge. These two works characterize the early style of young Wordsworth and the more advanced style of old Wordsworth. The style of Wordsworth in Lyrical Ballads is very emotional and contains natural scenes, whereas, in the epic The Prelude, his verses are composed of more ponderous and exhaustive thoughts on life and his relation to it.

His late poetry is also didactic, as he tried to instruct his readers. Though Keats’s style becomes a little complicated in his later poetry, it is this work that became the most influential works in the English Literature after the death of William Wordsworth. His poems, particularly The Prelude, have been quoted by various poets of the Victorian Era, including Tennyson. The opening verse of the epic poem The Prelude is the best example of his style. 

 Wordsworth style has been a debatable topic for many critics. To some critics, Wordsworth has two styles, as mentioned above, while some believed that he has more than two styles, whereas some say that he does not have any style at all.

Keats did not use any “ conceits” and “ inane phraseology ” in his poetry and devoted himself to free the poetry from such complications. Lytton Strachey says that the first poet who completely documented and intentionally accomplished the splendors of intense straightforwardness is William Wordsworth and this characteristic of his poetry that claims his fame. There is hardly any reader who cannot notice the beauty of his simplicity in his poetry. 

Though the style of Wordsworth is nobly plain, it also has some unique and unparalleled features. The subject of his poetry has profound sincerity and natural character , and Wordsworth himself experiences his subject profoundly. His poetry has elevated expression . For example, in the poem “Resolution and Independence,” he uses an elevated expression to catch the attention of his audience. 

Wordsworth would prefer to use an ascetic and unostentatious style in his poems. The power and completeness of this style require a more mature and considerate reader to appreciate. However, on many occasions, the simplicity of Wordsworth poetry declines to triviality. Though most of the time, the simplicity of Wordsworth poetry remains successful, some of his poetry contains plainness that has been called the bleat, the old, half-intelligent sheep. A strange inequality is created in the poetry of Wordsworth, which has been discussed by every critic.

His poetry lacks a sense of humor . This lack is responsible for the triviality in his poetry. The reason for the lack of humor is his blend of grandeur and immaturity in his poetic theory. Though he claims to use simple ordinary language, he also portrays coloring imagery in his poetry. 

Luckily the splendid imagination of William Wordsworth was repeatedly excessively influential for his principle, and he unintentionally overlooks it completely in his best works.

Works Of William Wordsworth

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William Wordsworth Biography

Early life – William Wordsworth

Wordsworth was born on 7 April 1770 in Cockermouth, in north-west England. His father, John Wordsworth, introduced the young William to the great poetry of Milton and Shakespeare , but he was frequently absent during William’s childhood. Instead, Wordsworth was brought up by his mother’s parents in Penrith, but this was not a happy period. He frequently felt in conflict with his relations and at times contemplated ending his life. However, as a child, he developed a great love of nature, spending many hours walking in the fells of the Lake District. He also became very close to his sister, Dorothy, who would later become a poet in her own right.

In 1778, William was sent to Hawkshead Grammar School in Lancashire; this separated him from his beloved sister for nearly nine years. In 1787, he entered St. John’s College, Cambridge. It was in this year that he had his first published work, a sonnet in the European Magazine . While still a student at Cambridge, in 1790, he travelled to revolutionary France. He was deeply impressed by the revolutionary spirit and the principles of liberty and egalite. He also fell in love with a French woman, Annette Vallon; together they had an illegitimate daughter, Anne Caroline.

Friendship with Samuel Taylor Coleridge

After graduating, Wordsworth was fortunate to receive a legacy of £900 from Raisley Calvert to pursue a career in literature. He was able to publish his first collection of poems, An Evening Walk and Descriptive Sketches . That year he was also to meet Samuel Taylor Coleridge in Somerset. They became close friends and collaborated on poetic ideas. They later published a joint work – Lyrical Ballards (1798), and Wordsworth greatest work ‘ The Prelude ‘ was initially called by Wordsworth ‘ To Coleridge ‘

This period was important for Wordsworth and also the direction of English poetry. With Coleridge , Keats and Shelley , Wordsworth helped create a much more spontaneous and emotional poetry. It sought to depict the beauty of nature and the quintessential depth of human emotion. In the preface to Lyrical Ballards , Wordsworth writes of poetry:

“The spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings: it takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquility.”

Lyrical Ballards includes some of his best-known poems, such as, “Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey”, “A Slumber Did my Spirit Seal”.

A SLUMBER did my spirit seal; I had no human fears: She seemed a thing that could not feel The touch of earthly years. No motion has she now, no force; She neither hears nor sees; Rolled round in earth’s diurnal course, With rocks, and stones, and trees.

– W. Wordsworth 1799.

In 1802, after returning from a brief visit to see his daughter, Wordsworth married a childhood friend, Mary Hutchinson. Dorothy continued to live with the couple, and she became close to Mary as well as her brother. William and Mary had five children, though three died early.

Lake District, North Windermere, near Grasmere.

In 1807, he published another important volume of poetry “ Poems, in Two Volumes “, this included famous poems such as; “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”, “My Heart Leaps Up”, “Ode: Intimations of Immortality.”

I wandered lonely as a cloud That floats on high o’er vales and hills, When all at once I saw a crowd, A host, of golden daffodils;

– W. Wordsworth – I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud

In 1813, he received an appointment as Distributor of Stamps for Westmorland; this annual income of £400 gave him greater financial security and enabled him to devote his spare time to poetry. In 1813, he family also moved into Rydal Mount, Grasmere; a picturesque location, which inspired his later poetry.

“My heart leaps up when I behold A rainbow in the sky: So was it when my life began; So is it now I am a man; So be it when I shall grow old, Or let me die!”

Poet Laureate

By the 1820s, the critical acclaim for Wordsworth was growing, though ironically critics note that, from this period, his poetry began losing some of its vigour and emotional intensity. His poetry was perhaps a reflection of his own ideas. The 1790s had been a period of emotional turmoil and faith in the revolutionary ideal. Towards the end of his life, his disillusionment with the French Revolution had made him more conservative in outlook. In 1839 he received an honorary degree from Oxford University and received a civil pension of £300 a year from the government. In 1843, he was persuaded to become the nation’s Poet Laureate, despite saying he wouldn’t write any poetry as Poet Laureate. Wordsworth is the only Poet Laureate who never wrote poetry during his official time in the job.

Wordsworth died of pleurisy on 23 April 1850. He was buried in St Oswald’s Church Grasmere. After his death, his widow Mary published his autobiographical ‘Poem to Coleridge’ under the title “The Prelude”.

Citation: Pettinger, Tejvan . “ Biography of William Wordsworth” , Oxford, UK. www.biographyonline.net , 22nd Jan. 2010. Last updated 6th March 2018

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William Wordsworth

William Wordsworth was born in Cockermouth, Cumbria, England, on April 7, 1770. Wordsworth’s mother died when he was eight—this experience shapes much of his later work. Wordsworth attended Hawkshead Grammar School, where his love of poetry was firmly established and, it is believed, where he made his first attempts at verse. While he was at Hawkshead, Wordsworth’s father died leaving him and his four siblings orphans. After Hawkshead, Wordsworth studied at St. John’s College in Cambridge and, before his final semester, he set out on a walking tour of Europe—an experience that influenced both his poetry and his political sensibilities. While touring Europe, Wordsworth came into contact with the French Revolution. This experience, as well as a subsequent period living in France, brought about Wordsworth’s interest and sympathy for the life, troubles, and speech of the “common man.” These issues proved to be of the utmost importance to Wordsworth’s work. Wordsworth’s earliest poetry was published in 1793 in the collections An Evening Walk and Descriptive Sketches . While living in France, Wordsworth conceived a daughter, Caroline, out of wedlock; he left France, however, before she was born. In 1802, he returned to France with his sister on a four-week visit to meet Caroline. Later that year, he married Mary Hutchinson, a childhood friend, and they had five children together. In 1812, while living in Grasmere, two of their children—Catherine and John—died.

Equally important in the poetic life of Wordsworth was his 1795 meeting with the poet  Samuel Taylor Coleridge . It was with Coleridge that Wordsworth published the famous Lyrical Ballads  (J. & A. Arch) in 1798. While the poems themselves are some of the most influential in Western literature, it is the preface to the second edition that remains one of the most important testaments to a poet’s views on both his craft and his place in the world. In the preface Wordsworth writes on the need for “common speech” within poems and argues against the hierarchy of the period which valued epic poetry above the lyric.

Wordsworth’s most famous work, The Prelude (Edward Moxon, 1850), is considered by many to be the crowning achievement of English Romanticism . The poem, revised numerous times, chronicles the spiritual life of the poet and marks the birth of a new genre of poetry. Although Wordsworth worked on The Prelude throughout his life, the poem was published posthumously. Wordsworth spent his final years settled at Rydal Mount in England, traveling, and continuing his outdoor excursions. Devastated by the death of his daughter, Dora, in 1847, Wordsworth seemingly lost his will to compose poems.

William Wordsworth died at Rydal Mount on April 23, 1850, leaving his wife, Mary, to publish The Prelude three months later.

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William Wordsworth Biography

Born: April 7, 1770 Cookermouth, Cumberland, England Died: April 23, 1850 Rydal Mount, Westmorland, England English poet

William Wordsworth was an early leader of romanticism (a literary movement that celebrated nature and concentrated on human emotions) in English poetry and ranks as one of the greatest lyric poets in the history of English literature.

His early years

William Wordsworth was born on April 7, 1770, in Cookermouth, Cumberland, England, the second child of an attorney. Unlike the other major English romantic poets, he enjoyed a happy childhood under the loving care of his mother and was very close to his sister Dorothy. As a child he wandered happily through the lovely natural scenery of Cumberland. In grammar school, Wordsworth showed a keen interest in poetry. He was fascinated by the epic poet John Milton (1608–1674).

From 1787 to 1790 Wordsworth attended St. John's College at Cambridge University. He always returned to his home and to nature during his summer vacations. Before graduating from Cambridge, he took a walking tour through France, Switzerland, and Italy in 1790. The Alps made an impression on him that he did not recognize until fourteen years later.

Stay in France

Wordsworth fell passionately in love with a French girl, Annette Vallon. She gave birth to their daughter in December 1792. However, Wordsworth had spent his limited funds and was forced to return home. The separation left him with a sense of guilt that deepened his poetic inspiration and resulted in an important theme in his work of abandoned women.

Publication of first poems

Wordsworth's first poems, Descriptive Sketches and An Evening Walk, were printed in 1793. He wrote several pieces over the next several years. The year 1797 marked the beginning of Wordsworth's long friendship with Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772–1834). Together they published Lyrical Ballads in 1798. Wordsworth wanted to challenge "the gaudiness [unnecessarily flashy] and inane [foolish] phraseology [wording] of many modern writers." Most of his poems in this collection centered on the simple yet deeply human feelings of ordinary people, phrased in their own language. His views on this new kind of poetry were more fully described in the important "Preface" that he wrote for the second edition (1800).

"Tintern Abbey"

Wordsworth's most memorable contribution to this volume was "Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey," which he wrote just in time to include it. This poem is the first major piece to illustrate his original talent at its best. It skillfully combines matter-of-factness in natural description with a genuinely mystical (magical) sense of infinity, joining self-exploration to philosophical speculation (questioning). The poem closes on a subdued but confident reassertion of nature's healing power, even though mystical insight may be obtained from the poet.

In its successful blending of inner and outer experience, of sense perception, feeling, and thought, "Tintern Abbey" is a poem in which the writer becomes a symbol of mankind. The poem leads to imaginative thoughts about man and the universe. This cosmic outlook rooted in the self is a central feature of romanticism. Wordsworth's poetry is undoubtedly the most impressive example of this view in English literature.

Poems of the middle period

Wordsworth, even while writing his contributions to the Lyrical Ballads, had been feeling his way toward more ambitious schemes. He had embarked on a long poem in unrhymed verse, "The Ruined Cottage," later referred to as "The Peddlar." It was intended to form part of a vast philosophical poem with the title "The Recluse, or Views of Man, Nature and Society." This grand project never materialized as originally planned.

Abstract, impersonal speculation was not comfortable for Wordsworth. He could handle experiences in the philosophical-lyrical manner only if they were closely related to himself and could arouse his creative feelings and imagination. During the winter months he spent in Germany, he started work on his magnum opus (greatest work), The Prelude, or Growth of a Poet's Mind. It was published after his death.

However, such a large achievement was still beyond Wordsworth's scope (area of capabilities) at this time. It was back to the shorter poetic forms that he turned during the most productive season of his long literary life, the spring of 1802. The output of these fertile (creative) months mostly came from his earlier inspirations: nature and the common people. During this time he wrote "To a Butterfly," "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud," "To the Cuckoo," "The Rainbow," and other poems.

Changes in philosophy

The crucial event of this period was Wordsworth's loss of the sense of mystical oneness, which had sustained (lasted throughout) his highest imaginative flights. Indeed, a mood of despondency (depression) descended over Wordsworth, who was then thirty-two years old.

In the summer of 1802 Wordsworth spent a few weeks in Calais, France, with his sister Dorothy. Wordsworth's renewed contact with France only confirmed his disillusionment (disappointment) with the French Revolution and its aftermath.

During this period Wordsworth had become increasingly concerned with Coleridge, who by now was almost totally dependent upon opium (a highly addictive drug) for relief from his physical sufferings. Both friends came to believe that the realities of life were in stark contradiction (disagreement) to the visionary expectations of their youth. Wordsworth characteristically sought to redefine his own identity in ways that would allow him a measure of meaning. The new turn his life took in 1802 resulted in an inner change that set the new course his poetry followed from then on.

Poems about England and Scotland began pouring forth from Wordsworth's pen, while France and Napoleon (1769–1821) soon became Wordsworth's favorite symbols of cruelty and oppression. His nationalistic (intense pride in one's own country) inspiration led him to produce the two "Memorials of a Tour in Scotland" (1803, 1814) and the group entitled "Poems Dedicated to National Independence and Liberty."

Poems of 1802

The best poems of 1802, however, deal with a deeper level of inner change. In Wordsworth's poem "Intimations of Immortality" (March–April), he plainly recognized that "The things which I have seen I now can see no more"; yet he emphasized that although the "visionary gleam" had fled, the memory remained, and although the "celestial light" had vanished, the "common sight" of "meadow, grove and stream" was still a potent (strong) source of delight and solace (comfort).

Thus Wordsworth shed his earlier tendency to idealize nature and turned to a more sedate (calm) doctrine (set of beliefs) of orthodox Christianity. Younger poets and critics soon blamed him for this "recantation" (renouncing), which they equated with his change of mind about the French Revolution. His Ecclesiastical Sonnets (1822) are clear evidence of the way in which love of freedom, nature, and the Church came to coincide (come together at the same time) in his mind.

The Prelude

Nevertheless, it was the direction suggested in "Intimations of Immortality" that, in the view of later criticism, enabled Wordsworth to produce perhaps the most outstanding achievement of English romanticism: The Prelude. He worked on it, on and off, for several years and completed the first version in May 1805. The Prelude can claim to be the only true romantic epic (long, often heroic work) because it deals in narrative terms with the spiritual growth of the only true romantic hero, the poet. The inward odyssey (journey) of the poet was described not for its own sake but as a sample and as an adequate image of man at his most sensitive.

Wordsworth shared the general romantic notion that personal experience is the only way to gain living knowledge. The purpose of The Prelude was to recapture and interpret, with detailed thoroughness, the whole range of experiences that had contributed to the shaping of his own mind. Wordsworth refrained from publishing the poem in his lifetime, revising it continuously. Most important and, perhaps, most to be regretted, the poet also tried to give a more orthodox tinge to his early mystical faith in nature.

Later years

Wordsworth's estrangement (growing apart) from Coleridge in 1810 deprived him of a powerful incentive to imaginative and intellectual alertness. Wordsworth's appointment to a government position in 1813 relieved him of financial care.

Wordsworth's undiminished love for nature made him view the emergent (just appearing) industrial society with undisguised reserve. He opposed the Reform Bill of 1832, which, in his view, merely transferred political power from the land owners to the manufacturing class, but he never stopped pleading in favor of the victims of the factory system.

In 1843 Wordsworth was appointed poet laureate (official poet of a country). He died on April 23, 1850.

For More Information

Davies, Hunter. William Wordsworth: A Biography. New York: Atheneum, 1980.

Gill, Stephen. William Wordsworth: A Life. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Johnston, Kenneth R. The Hidden Wordsworth: Poet, Lover, Rebel, Spy. New York: W. W. Norton, 1998.

Negrotta, Rosanna. William Wordsworth: A Biography with Selected Poems. London: Brockhampton, 1999.

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William Wordsworth (1770-1850)

William Wordsworth was born on 7 April 1770 at Cockermouth in Cumbria. His father was a lawyer. Both Wordsworth's parents died before he was 15, and he and his four siblings were left in the care of different relatives. As a young man, Wordsworth developed a love of nature, a theme reflected in many of his poems.

While studying at Cambridge University, Wordsworth spent a summer holiday on a walking tour in Switzerland and France. He became an enthusiast for the ideals of the French Revolution. He began to write poetry while he was at school, but none was published until 1793.

In 1795, Wordsworth received a legacy from a close relative and he and his sister Dorothy went to live in Dorset. Two years later they moved again, this time to Somerset, to live near the poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge, who was an admirer of Wordsworth's work. They collaborated on 'Lyrical Ballads', published in 1798. This collection of poems, mostly by Wordsworth but with Coleridge contributing 'The Rime of the Ancient Mariner', is generally taken to mark the beginning of the Romantic movement in English poetry. The poems were greeted with hostility by most critics.

In 1799, after a visit to Germany with Coleridge, Wordsworth and Dorothy settled at Dove Cottage in Grasmere in the Lake District. Coleridge lived nearby with his family. Wordsworth's most famous poem, 'I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud' was written at Dove Cottage in 1804.

In 1802, Wordsworth married a childhood friend, Mary Hutchinson. The next few years were personally difficult for Wordsworth. Two of his children died, his brother was drowned at sea and Dorothy suffered a mental breakdown. His political views underwent a transformation around the turn of the century, and he became increasingly conservative, disillusioned by events in France culminating in Napoleon Bonaparte taking power.

In 1813, Wordsworth moved from Grasmere to nearby Ambelside. He continued to write poetry, but it was never as great as his early works. After 1835, he wrote little more. In 1842, he was given a government pension and the following year became poet laureate. Wordsworth died on 23 April 1850 and was buried in Grasmere churchyard. His great autobiographical poem, 'The Prelude', which he had worked on since 1798, was published after his death.

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Biography Of William Wordsworth

Early life and family background.

Biography of William Wordsworth was the second child among 5 children of John Wordsworth and Ann Cookson Wordsworth. Because of his siblings, William Wordsworth spent his early life in a close-knit family environment. William Wordsworth’s father, John Wordsworth, worked as a legal agent for James Lowther. James Lowther was the 1st Earl 1 of Lonsdale. William Wordsworth’s mother Ann Cookson Wordsworth came from a well-established family.

Despite being on a higher post of Earl which provided financial stability, John Wordsworth 2 family had to go through hardships. Specially after the untimely death of Ann Cookson 3 in 1778, when William was just eight years old.

Death of Ann Cookson was a turning point in William Wordsworth’s early life. The loss of his mother resulted in loneliness, which was at times was filled by the deep bandings with his siblings. Especially his sister, Dorothy Wordsworth 4 . Dorothy played an important role in William’s life. She not only supported William as a family member but also acted as an intellectual companion. Her support gave William a confidence and we know that Dorothy through her journals, provided a valuable insight on William’s literary creations.

Wiilliam Wordsworth received his primary education at Hawkshead Grammar School, located in the Lake District 5 . This significantly shaped his primary years, and it was the place where he developed his love for literature and poetry. It was the natural beauty of the Lake district which served as a continuous source of inspiration for Wordsworth. It is not a wonder why William Wordsworh’s poems appreciates the nature throughout his poetry. The idyllic surroundings of rolling hills, serene lakes, and verdant valleys left an indelible imprint on his young mind, embedding themes of natural beauty and pastoral life in his future literary works.

William Wordworth’s poem “ I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud ” is a great example of expressing the natural beauty in his poetry and another one is: Lines Left Upon A Seat In A Yew-Tree Which Stands Near The Lake Of Esthawaite

Thus, the combination of a supportive family environment, a robust education, and the natural beauty of the Lake District collectively shaped the early life of William Wordsworth. These elements laid the foundational stones for his later achievements, influencing both his personal life and his enduring legacy in English literature.

Table of Contents

Education and early influences.

William Wordsworth’s academic journey began at St John’s College, Cambridge. He matriculated in 1787. However, his time at Cambridge was filled with a sense of disappointment with the rigid academic structure, which he often found difficult. Despite this, the intellectual environment of the university played an important role in shaping his early literary aspirations. Wordsworth’s academic tenure was characterized by a growing fascination with nature and a growing interest in the revolutionary ideas that were spreading across Europe during this period.

In 1790, Wordsworth went on a transformative trip to France. That was the time when France was undergoing the French Revolution. The trip proved to be a turning point in his life. He was introduced to radical political ideologies and a rousing spirit of change. The French Revolution’s ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity resonated deeply with Wordsworth. Deeply influencing his poetic voice and political views. His exposure to these revolutionary ideas is evident in his early works, which often reflect a deep sense of social justice and a desire for political reform.

Wordsworth’s early attempts at poetry were further nurtured by his friendship with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, whom he met in 1795. This relationship was instrumental in Wordsworth’s literary development, as Coleridge’s intellectual companionship provided both inspiration and critical feedback. Their collaboration culminated in the seminal work, “ Lyrical Ballads ” (1798), which is widely regarded as a cornerstone of the Romantic movement. This collection of poems, characterized by its emphasis on emotion, nature, and the common man, marked a departure from the classical conventions of poetry, signaling a new era in English literature.

The interplay of Wordsworth’s academic background, his exposure to revolutionary France, and his collaborative efforts with Coleridge collectively fostered his growth as a poet. These early influences not only shaped his literary trajectory but also solidified his position as a monumental figure in the Romantic movement.

Major Works and Literary Achievements

William Wordsworth’s contributions to English literature are monumental, establishing him as a pivotal figure in the Romantic Movement. Among his most significant works is the seminal collection Lyrical Ballads (1798) , co-authored with Samuel Taylor Coleridge. This collection is often credited with marking the beginning of the English Romantic Movement. Wordsworth’s emphasis on ordinary subjects and the use of everyday language were revolutionary at the time, steering poetry away from the grandeur of the neoclassical tradition. His preface to the second edition of Lyrical Ballads is considered a manifesto for Romantic poetry, where he articulated his poetic principles and the importance of emotion and imagination in literature.

The Prelude (1850), another of Wordsworth’s major works, is an autobiographical epic poem that he worked on for most of his life. Published posthumously, it chronicles Wordsworth’s own development as a poet and his philosophical musings on the relationship between the human mind and nature. The poem’s introspective and reflective tone, combined with its exploration of personal growth and natural beauty, showcases Wordsworth’s innovative approach to poetry. By integrating his personal experiences with broader existential themes, Wordsworth created a work that remains deeply influential in literary circles.

Another notable work, Ode: Intimations of Immortality (1807), exemplifies Wordsworth’s ability to weave profound philosophical insights into lyrical and emotive poetry. This ode reflects on the theme of lost childhood innocence and the enduring sense of wonder that persists into adulthood. Wordsworth’s use of nostalgic and contemplative imagery in this poem has been celebrated for its emotional depth and lyrical beauty, further cementing his reputation as a master poet.

Wordsworth’s literary achievements are characterized by their innovative use of language, profound emotional depth, and a deep connection to nature. These elements not only define his work but also had a lasting impact on the evolution of English literature, influencing countless poets and writers who followed in his footsteps.

Themes and Styles in Wordsworth’s Poetry

William Wordsworth’s poetry is renowned for its profound engagement with nature, a recurring theme that serves as a cornerstone of his literary works. Wordsworth’s reverence for the natural world is evident in poems such as “Lines Written a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey” and “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud.” In these works, nature is not merely a backdrop but an active participant that shapes the human experience, offering solace, inspiration, and a sense of continuity.

Another prominent theme in Wordsworth’s poetry is the emphasis on emotion and individual experience. Rooted in the Romantic tradition, Wordsworth believed that poetry should be a “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings.” This is particularly evident in his autobiographical poem “The Prelude,” where he delves into his own emotional journey and personal reflections. By foregrounding the individual’s emotional response to the world, Wordsworth’s poetry seeks to connect with readers on a deeply personal level.

Philosophical reflections on human life also feature prominently in Wordsworth’s work. His poetry often contemplates the transient nature of existence and the passage of time, as seen in “Ode: Intimations of Immortality from Early Childhood.” Here, Wordsworth grapples with the loss of youthful innocence and the inevitable march of time, yet he also finds a redemptive quality in the wisdom gained through life’s experiences.

Wordsworth’s stylistic approach is characterized by the use of simple language and everyday subjects to convey profound ideas. This is a hallmark of his poetic style, aligning with his belief that poetry should be accessible to all. In his Preface to the Lyrical Ballads, Wordsworth argues for the use of “the real language of men,” eschewing the ornate diction and classical allusions that were prevalent in the poetry of his time. This stylistic choice not only democratizes his poetry but also enhances its emotional resonance and relatability.

In sum, the themes and stylistic elements in Wordsworth’s poetry reflect his deep connection to nature, his focus on emotion and individual experience, and his philosophical musings on human life. Through his use of simple language and everyday subjects, Wordsworth’s poetry continues to resonate with readers, offering timeless insights into the human condition.

Wordsworth’s Role in the Romantic Movement

William Wordsworth’s contribution to the Romantic movement stands as a cornerstone in the evolution of English literature. Departing from the rigid structures and rationalism of the neoclassical era, Wordsworth championed a return to nature and emotional sincerity in poetry. His belief that poetry should be a spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings was a radical shift from the intellectualism that characterized the preceding literary norms. This advocacy for nature and emotion redefined the purpose and approach of poetry, encouraging a deeper connection with the natural world and human experience.

Wordsworth’s collaboration with Samuel Taylor Coleridge was particularly significant in the Romantic movement. Their joint publication, “Lyrical Ballads,” is often credited with marking the beginning of Romanticism in English literature . The preface to the second edition of “Lyrical Ballads,” penned by Wordsworth, serves as a manifesto for the Romantic poets, outlining their departure from conventional poetic forms and themes. Wordsworth’s emphasis on simplicity, the beauty of the ordinary, and the importance of personal emotion resonated with his contemporaries and set the stage for future literary explorations.

In addition to Coleridge, Wordsworth’s interactions with Robert Southey and other Romantic writers helped to further his influence. Together, these poets formed the core of what is often referred to as the “Lake Poets,” named after the Lake District where they resided and from which they drew much of their inspiration. Wordsworth’s poetry, characterized by its profound appreciation for nature and introspective depth, served as a guiding light for his peers and successors. His works, such as “Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey” and “Ode: Intimations of Immortality,” continue to be celebrated for their lyrical beauty and philosophical insight.

Ultimately, William Wordsworth’s role in the Romantic movement was pivotal. His poetic vision and collaborative efforts not only shaped the trajectory of Romantic literature but also left an enduring legacy that continues to inspire and resonate with readers and poets alike.

Recognition and Awards

Throughout his illustrious career, William Wordsworth received numerous recognitions and awards that acknowledged his profound contributions to literature. One of the most significant honors bestowed upon him was his appointment as the Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom in 1843. This prestigious position not only celebrated his literary achievements but also solidified his status as a central figure in English poetry. Wordsworth’s elevation to Poet Laureate marked a seminal moment in his career, highlighting the widespread appreciation of his work by both the public and the literary community.

In addition to this national honor, Wordsworth was also the recipient of several honorary degrees from esteemed universities. Notably, he received an honorary Doctor of Civil Law degree from Durham University in 1838 and another from the University of Oxford in 1839. These accolades were further testament to his intellectual influence and the high regard in which he was held by academic institutions. Such recognitions underscored the breadth of his impact on both literary and educational spheres, affirming his role as a pivotal literary figure.

Wordsworth’s reputation, however, was not always uniformly celebrated. Early in his career, his work received criticism from some quarters, particularly for its departure from the classical conventions of poetry. Critics initially derided his emphasis on nature and emotion, which diverged from the then-prevailing neoclassical ideals. Despite this initial skepticism, Wordsworth’s innovative approach eventually gained widespread acceptance and admiration. His poetry, characterized by its profound connection to nature and exploration of human emotion, came to be revered as a cornerstone of the Romantic movement.

Over time, Wordsworth’s legacy has continued to grow, with his works being studied and cherished by successive generations. His transformation from a poet who faced early criticism to one who was venerated as a literary icon illustrates the evolving appreciation of his contributions. Today, William Wordsworth is celebrated as one of the most influential poets in English literature, with his recognitions and awards serving as enduring testaments to his lasting impact.

Personal Life and Later Years

William Wordsworth’s personal life was marked by deep familial bonds and enduring friendships, which significantly influenced his literary career. In 1802, Wordsworth married Mary Hutchinson, a childhood friend, and their union proved to be a cornerstone of his personal stability. Together, they had five children: John, Dora, Thomas, Catherine, and William. The family settled in the Lake District, a region that had a profound impact on Wordsworth’s poetic imagination. Their home, Dove Cottage in Grasmere, became a hub for literary and intellectual gatherings, frequented by notable figures such as Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Robert Southey.

Despite the tranquility of his surroundings, Wordsworth’s later years were marred by personal tragedies. The death of his brother John in 1805, followed by the loss of two of his children, Catherine and Thomas, in 1812, cast long shadows over his life. Nevertheless, Wordsworth continued to write, drawing strength from his close-knit family and the natural beauty that surrounded him. He assumed the role of Poet Laureate in 1843, a position he held until his death, further cementing his place in the annals of English literature.

Wordsworth’s later poetry, while often reflecting a more somber and introspective tone, maintained the lyrical quality that characterized his earlier works. His deep connection to nature continued to be a central theme, as he sought solace and understanding in the natural world amidst his personal losses. The Lake District, with its serene landscapes, remained both his muse and refuge.

William Wordsworth passed away on April 23, 1850, at the age of 80. His death marked the end of an era, but his legacy endures through his profound contributions to the Romantic movement. Wordsworth’s poetry, with its emphasis on the sublime beauty of nature and the depth of human emotion, continues to resonate with readers worldwide. His life and work remain a testament to the enduring power of poetic expression and the timeless connection between humanity and the natural world.

Top 10 Iconic Poems by William Wordsworth

William Wordsworth, a pivotal figure in English literature, has left an indelible mark with his profound and evocative poetry. His works resonate with themes of nature, human emotion, and philosophical introspection. Among his vast repertoire, ten poems stand out as particularly iconic, each contributing to his esteemed legacy.

“Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey” is a reflective piece that captures Wordsworth’s return to a beloved landscape. The poem delves into themes of memory, nature’s restorative powers, and the passage of time. Its blank verse structure and meditative tone underscore the deep connection between the poet and the natural world.

“ I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud “ , often referred to as “Daffodils,” is celebrated for its vivid imagery and emotional resonance. The poem portrays the transformative power of nature, as the sight of a field of daffodils lifts the poet’s spirits. Its lyrical quality and rhythmic flow make it one of Wordsworth’s most beloved works.

“Ode: Intimations of Immortality from Early Childhood” explores the theme of lost innocence and the spiritual insights of childhood. The ode’s complex structure and profound philosophical musings reveal Wordsworth’s deep contemplation of life’s transient nature and the enduring essence of the human soul.

“The Prelude” is an autobiographical epic that chronicles Wordsworth’s personal and poetic development. This extensive work, composed in blank verse, provides a comprehensive insight into the poet’s life, aspirations, and the pivotal moments that shaped his worldview.

“Tintern Abbey” revisits the themes of nature and memory, emphasizing the spiritual and emotional sustenance derived from the natural world. The poem’s reflective tone and intricate descriptions highlight Wordsworth’s reverence for the pastoral landscape.

“The Solitary Reaper” depicts a poignant encounter with a Highland lass. The poem’s evocative imagery and melodic quality capture the beauty of the reaper’s song, which resonates with universal themes of human experience and emotion.

“Ode to Duty” is a philosophical exploration of moral obligation and the virtues of living a principled life. The poem’s formal structure and contemplative tone reflect Wordsworth’s reverence for duty and ethical conduct.

“The World Is Too Much with Us” is a sonnet that critiques the materialism and disconnect from nature prevalent in modern society. Its powerful language and impassioned plea for a return to nature underscore Wordsworth’s environmental consciousness.

“London, 1802” is a sonnet lamenting the moral decay of England and calling for the return of virtuous leadership. Wordsworth’s use of classical imagery and impassioned rhetoric highlights his concern for societal well-being.

“My Heart Leaps Up” is a succinct yet profound meditation on the continuity of joy and the enduring wonder of nature. The poem’s simplicity and heartfelt expression encapsulate Wordsworth’s deep appreciation for the natural world.

10 Lesser Known Yet Remarkable Poems by William Wordsworth

While William Wordsworth is widely known for his celebrated works such as “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” and “Tintern Abbey,” his extensive body of work includes numerous lesser-known yet remarkable poems. These hidden gems offer a deeper insight into his poetic genius, showcasing his ability to capture the essence of nature and human experience with profound simplicity and grace.

“The Reverie of Poor Susan” is a poignant reflection on memory and longing. The poem explores the thoughts of a woman who, despite her urban surroundings, reminisces about her rural past. Wordsworth’s adept use of imagery creates a vivid contrast between the bustling city and the serene countryside.

“The Green Linnet” embodies Wordsworth’s fascination with nature. Through the depiction of a green linnet, the poet celebrates the beauty and vitality of the natural world. The poem’s joyful tone and rhythmic flow mirror the lively movements of the bird.

“The Fountain” delves into themes of friendship and reflection. The narrative revolves around two friends who find solace and inspiration in the presence of a natural fountain. Wordsworth’s evocative language captures the tranquil ambiance and the deep bond between the companions.

“Star-Gazers” offers a contemplative look at humanity’s relationship with the cosmos. Wordsworth muses on the awe and wonder that the stars inspire, highlighting the universal human desire to seek meaning beyond the earthly realm.

“The Small Celandine” is a tribute to the resilience and beauty of the small celandine flower. Wordsworth’s keen observation and appreciation of this modest bloom reflect his broader reverence for nature’s overlooked wonders.

“To the Daisy” and “To the Same Flower” are companion pieces that praise the humble daisy. Through these poems, Wordsworth emphasizes the inherent worth and beauty of all elements of nature, no matter how commonplace they may seem.

“The Sparrow’s Nest” captures a moment of discovery and wonder as the poet describes finding a sparrow’s nest. The poem’s simplicity and attention to detail exemplify Wordsworth’s skill in finding extraordinary significance in ordinary moments.

“Lines Written in Early Spring” reflects on the harmony between nature and humanity. Wordsworth contrasts the purity of the natural world with the complexities and conflicts of human life, urging a return to simplicity and peace.

“The Pet-Lamb: A Pastoral” tells the touching story of a young girl and her pet lamb. This pastoral poem highlights the innocence and joy of childhood, set against the backdrop of the rural landscape.

These lesser-known poems by William Wordsworth reveal the depth and diversity of his poetic vision. They offer readers a chance to explore the nuances of his work and appreciate the subtle beauty of his lesser-celebrated creations.

Legacy and Influence on Modern Literature

William Wordsworth’s legacy in literature is monumental, extending far beyond the Romantic era in which he wrote. His poetic vision, characterized by a profound appreciation of nature and an exploration of human emotion, has continued to influence generations of poets, writers, and artists. Wordsworth’s emphasis on the natural world as a source of inspiration and solace resonates with contemporary environmental and nature writers. His works, such as “Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey” and “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud,” are frequently cited for their vivid imagery and emotional depth.

Modern literary criticism often revisits Wordsworth’s themes and styles, exploring their relevance in today’s context. His concept of the “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” has shaped modern understandings of poetic expression. This idea, along with his focus on personal reflection and the sublime, is evident in the works of many contemporary poets who seek to capture the intensity of human experience. Furthermore, Wordsworth’s stylistic innovations, including his use of everyday language and simple, yet profound, subject matter, have paved the way for modernist and postmodernist experiments in poetry.

Wordsworth’s influence extends into popular culture as well. His poetry has been referenced in various forms of media, including film, music, and visual arts, demonstrating the timelessness of his themes. The Romantic ideal of finding beauty and truth in nature continues to inspire artists and writers who grapple with the complexities of modern life. The philosophical underpinnings of his work, particularly his reflections on the human condition and our relationship with the natural world, have found new interpretations and applications in contemporary discourse on environmental ethics and psychology.

In conclusion, William Wordsworth’s contributions to literature and culture are enduring. His innovative approaches to poetry and profound thematic concerns remain relevant, continually inspiring new generations to explore the depths of human experience and the beauty of the natural world.

• What is an Earl? A member of the British nobility is called an earl. An earl is a peer in contemporary Britain, standing beneath a marquess and above a viscount. ↩︎
• John Wordsworth Father of William Wordsworth and 1st Earl of Lonsdale ↩︎
• Ann Cookson Mother of William Wordsworth ↩︎
• Dorothy Wordsworth Sister of William Wordsworth and she had a great impact on William Wordworth, after the death of his mother. ↩︎
• The Lake District, which is a mountainous area and national park in Cumbria, North West England, is sometimes referred to as the Lakes or Lakeland. ↩︎

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