essay of gautam buddha in nepali

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10 Lines About Gautam Buddha in Nepali

Gautam Buddha, also known as Siddhartha Gautama, was a spiritual leader and the founder of Buddhism. Born in 563 BCE in Lumbini, Nepal, he was a prince who renounced his royal life in search of enlightenment. After years of rigorous meditation and asceticism, he attained enlightenment under the Bodhi tree in Bodh Gaya.

Following his enlightenment, Buddha began teaching the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path, guiding countless individuals towards a path of inner peace and liberation from suffering. His teachings emphasize compassion, non-violence, and mindfulness.

Buddha’s first sermon in Sarnath marked the beginning of his journey as a teacher, where he set the Wheel of Dharma in motion. His life and teachings continue to inspire millions around the world, promoting values of harmony, wisdom, and ethical living.

Celebrated especially in countries like Nepal, India, and Sri Lanka, Buddha’s legacy endures through various cultural and religious practices. His message remains profoundly relevant, offering a timeless guide for leading a meaningful and peaceful life.

१. गौतम बुद्धको जन्म ५६३ ईसा पूर्वमा नेपालको लुम्बिनीमा भएको थियो, र उनको वास्तविक नाम सिद्धार्थ गौतम थियो, जसले राजकुमारको रूपमा जीवन प्रारम्भ गरेका थिए। (Gautam Buddha was born in 563 BCE in Lumbini, Nepal, and his real name was Siddhartha Gautama, who started his life as a prince.)

२. राजसी जीवन त्यागेर उनले ज्ञानको खोजीका लागि घर छोडे, ध्यान र तपस्यामा लागे, र अन्ततः बोधगयामा बुद्धत्व प्राप्त गरे। (He renounced his royal life, left home in search of enlightenment, practiced meditation and austerity, and eventually attained Buddhahood in Bodh Gaya.)

३. बुद्धत्व प्राप्त गरेपछि, उनले चार आर्य सत्य र अष्टाङ्गिक मार्गको शिक्षालाई प्रचार गर्न थाले, जसले दुःखको कारण र त्यसको निवारणको उपाय बताउँछ। (After attaining Buddhahood, he began teaching the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path, which explain the cause of suffering and its remedy.)

४. उनका प्रमुख उपदेशहरूमा अहिंसा, करुणा, मितव्ययिता र आत्मसंयमको महत्वलाई जोड दिइन्छ, जसले संसारभरिका मानिसहरूलाई प्रेरित गरेको छ। (His main teachings emphasize the importance of non-violence, compassion, moderation, and self-control, inspiring people around the world.)

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५. गौतम बुद्धले सारनाथमा पहिलो पटक धर्मचक्र प्रवर्तन गरे, जहाँ उनले आफ्नो पहिलो प्रवचन दिए र पाँच जना शिष्यहरूलाई धर्ममा दीक्षित गरे। (Gautam Buddha delivered his first sermon in Sarnath, where he set the Wheel of Dharma in motion and initiated five disciples into the path.)

६. नेपालमा गौतम बुद्धलाई विशेष सम्मान दिइन्छ, र यहाँ उनको जन्मदिन बुद्ध जयन्तीको रूपमा विशेष धूमधामका साथ मनाइन्छ। (In Nepal, Gautam Buddha is given special respect, and his birthday is celebrated with great enthusiasm as Buddha Jayanti.)

७. उनका प्रमुख तीर्थस्थलहरू बोधगया, सारनाथ र कुशीनगर हुन्, जहाँ उनले ज्ञान प्राप्ति, पहिलो प्रवचन र महापरिनिर्वाण प्राप्त गरेका थिए। (His main pilgrimage sites are Bodh Gaya, Sarnath, and Kushinagar, where he attained enlightenment, gave his first sermon, and reached Mahaparinirvana.)

८. बुद्धका शिक्षाहरूले मानिसहरूलाई शान्ति, प्रेम र समझदारीको मार्ग देखाउँछन्, जसले समाजमा सद्भावना फैलाउन मद्दत पुर्‍याउँछ। (Buddha’s teachings guide people towards peace, love, and understanding, helping to spread goodwill in society.)

९. बौद्ध धर्मका अनुयायीहरू बुद्धका उपदेशहरू अनुसरण गर्दै, ध्यान, साधना र करुणाका कार्यहरूमा लाग्दछन्, जसले उनीहरूको जीवनलाई अर्थपूर्ण बनाउँछ। (Followers of Buddhism adhere to Buddha’s teachings, engaging in meditation, practice, and acts of compassion, which make their lives meaningful.)

१०. गौतम बुद्धका विचारहरूले आजको आधुनिक समाजमा पनि प्रासंगिकता राख्दछन्, र उनले सिकाएको मार्गले मानिसहरूलाई आन्तरिक शान्ति र जीवनको सही अर्थ प्राप्त गर्न सहयोग गर्दछ। (Gautam Buddha’s ideas remain relevant in modern society, and the path he taught helps people achieve inner peace and understand the true meaning of life.)

In conclusion, Gautam Buddha’s life and teachings have left an indelible mark on the world. His journey from a sheltered prince to an enlightened teacher inspires millions to seek inner peace and wisdom. The Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path continue to guide people towards a life free from suffering, emphasizing compassion, mindfulness, and ethical living. Buddha’s legacy endures not only in the hearts of his followers but also in the cultural and spiritual fabric of many societies.

His message of non-violence and harmony is as relevant today as it was over two millennia ago. Celebrations like Buddha Jayanti reflect the deep respect and reverence people hold for him. As we reflect on Buddha’s life, we are reminded of the transformative power of his teachings, encouraging us to cultivate peace within ourselves and extend it to the world around us. The timeless wisdom of Gautam Buddha offers a beacon of hope and a path to enlightenment for all.

Jitendra Sahayogee

I am Jitendra Sahayogee, a writer of 12 Nepali literature books, film director of Maithili film & Nepali short movies, photographer, founder of the media house, designer of some websites and writer & editor of some blogs, has expert knowledge & experiences of Nepalese society, culture, tourist places, travels, business, literature, movies, festivals, celebrations.

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Lumbini: the birthplace of gautam buddha.

• November 19, 2020
• Blog , Visit Nepal 2020

Lumbini: Birthplace of Gautam Buddha 

Lumbini is the birthplace of Siddhartha Gautam and one of the world’s most important spiritual sites. It  is a Buddhist pilgrimage site in the Rupandehi District of Province No. 5 in Nepal. According to Buddhist tradition, Queen Mahamayadevi gave birth to Siddhartha Gautam in 623 BC. Gautam, who achieved Enlightenment  and became the Lord Buddha and founded Buddhism. There are over 25 Buddhist monasteries in the area. People study Buddhism, meditate and visit the birthplace within the sacred Mayadevi Gardens.

Mayadevi Temple:

Mayadevi Temple ( Source: The History Hub )

Maya Devi Temple is an ancient Buddhist temple which is at the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Lumbini, Nepal. It is the main temple at Lumbini, The spiritual heart of Lumbini, the Maya Devi Temple marks the spot where Queen Maya Devi gave birth to Siddhartha Gautama in around 563 BC. Furthermore, in the adjoining sacred garden you’ll find the pillar of Ashoka, ancient ruins of stupas, and maroon and saffron-robed monks gathering under a sprawling Bodhi (pipal) tree decorated with prayer flags.

Ashoka Pillar ( Source: Littlethingstravel )

Ashoka Pillar:

The Ashoka Pillar in Lumbini is one of the 3rd Century stone pillars. The pillar was built under the reign of Emperor Ashoka. Firstly, it was erected as a mark of respect by Ashoka after he visited Lord Buddha’s place of birth and decided to accept Buddhism. The pillar is located inside the area of Maya Devi Temple and is quite a stimulating structure to visit because of its interesting and motivating history.

The pillars of Ashoka are made of stone, weighed about 50 tons each and bear inscriptions about Dhamma & its virtues. However, the Ashoka Pillar in Lumbini was build as a sign of respect for Gautam Buddha after Emperor Ashoka convert to Buddhism. The pillar was lost for centuries after it was established as the regions and the people evolved. It was only in the latter half of the 19th century that it was rediscovered by Khadga Shumsher Rana, the then Governor of Palpa.

  Myanmar Golden Temple:

Myanmar Golden Temple ( Source: Littlethingstravel )

The Myanmar Golden Temple is one of the oldest structures in the compound. The impressive corncob-shaped shikhara, styled after the temples of Bagan gives a regal look to the whole structure. Moreover, there are three prayer halls and a Lokamani Pula Pagoda inside the building.

World Peace Pagoda ( Source: Lonelyplanet )

World Peace Pagoda:

The impressive gleaming-white World Peace Pagoda is one of the world’s greatest stupas. It’s construction was by Japanese Buddhists at a cost of US$1 million. A walk around the Stupa gives you panoramic view of Lumbini. The golden Buddha statue depicts the posture Gautama Buddha took when he was born. Near the base of the stupa is the grave of a Japanese monk. The monk was murdered by anti-Buddhist extremists during the construction of the monument.

The Lumbini Museum:

Lumbini Museum ( Source: YacaTravel )

Lumbini Museum on the northern end of the premise dedicates to the life of Gautam Buddha. In addition, It houses the photos and artifacts from Buddhist sites all over the world. In addition, this Museum is a one spot stop for everything ranging from daily use crafts to stamps related to Lumbini or Buddha.  Therefore, situated in Lumbini’s area which houses all the important landmarks, this museum is a perfect end to the journey of understanding Lumbini, where you find all about the history, culture dating to as old as 4th century AD.

Royal Thai Monastry ( Source: Trekksnepal )

Therefore Lumbini is one of the most important religious sites to visit. The area can be use only to make monasteries and no shops and business can run inside the area.

The Lumbini encompasses many temples and monasteries. There are more than 25 international monasteries built by the Buddhist countries from all around the world. The monasteries of many countries like China, Singapore, Myanmar, Japan, Germany, Thailand and all other countries in the area which are more than beautiful.

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 Buddha Jayanti and His Teachings

Buddhism, from when and where did it begin  .

Buddhism began in a region of southeast Nepal in Asia during the mid-sixth century in Kapilvastu, a city under the kingdom of Lumbini of that time. The Lumbini and its surrounding area were ruled by a clan called Shakya, a leading faction of that time. Shakyas were traditionally believed to belong to a Kshatriya (warrior clan). 

It is generally a belief that the vast majority of the population in Northern India (closely connected with Nepal) used to practice forms of Vedic Hindu traditions under the leadership of strong Bramhin (Bramhan) priesthood with rituals and beliefs centered strongly and largely on this-worldly concerns, like managing or even trying to control the weather for a good harvest, curing illness and so on, which actually was already being questioned of its efficacy by some of the population.  

Individuals and small groups of religious seekers were already questioning issues like possible life after death, the notion of rebirth into other modes of existence i.e. lower or higher realms, etc. These questions were what gave birth to scriptures like Upanishads with their deep reflection on the nature of self and of greater spiritual realities. In those days if a person would deny the fundamental Vedic Hindu belief, that person would be immediately dubbed as a Nastika (those who deny). 

Who was Buddha? 

Siddhartha Gautam was born around 563 BCE (Siddhartha meaning “he who has achieved his goal”) later known as Buddha. He was born to a ruling elite of that time and his father Shuddodan and his mother were wealthy elite. On his birth, Suddhodan consulted religious specialists so as to know what portent the boy’s body might communicate. And he was told, The child is destined to become either a world renouncer or a “wheel-turning monarch” (Sanskrit: chakravartin) While in Suddhodan’s palace, Gautam lived a life of ease and pleasure as his father resolved that his son would take the path of power and influence. 

The father surrounded him with wealth and beauty and arranged to marry him at 16 so that Siddhartha would not renounce worldly life. He eventually had a son named Rahula. 

Four Sights!

Why Siddhartha left the luxury is due to him perceiving “Four Sights”: a dead body, old age, sickness, and an ascetic. On several of the occasions, he had to leave the palace despite his father’s instruction to the servants to clear off the road of any unsightly reminders of human frailty. But, Siddhartha encounters the existential situation of human beings and perceives those four realities of life. 

Once Gautama saw an old person, bent and struggling to walk. He was explained by his charioteer that it is because of old age that people face hardship. He too has to eventually face it in his life. One day his another tour came across a leper lying by the way in great pain. Again he was explained: it is an illness, which can happen to many people. Yet in another of his tours, he saw a funeral; after his query, he got the answer that “it is death, and no one can escape from it.  It is inevitable. Then one day he saw a strange thing: Gautama saw a young man by the side of the road, without any possession, yet seemed content. All these sightings generally known as “Four sights” laid the foundations of Siddhartha’s renouncement of the palace, and a journey towards the illumination called “Buddhahood” 

The Great Renunciation !

Siddhartha Gautama, Buddha or light of Asia as we know him today, as per the traditional belief left his palace, renouncing comfort, all its pleasures, and securities. He crossed the palace walls in pursuit of a realistic understanding of the world and the human condition. 

His Journey and Initial Teachings!

His father’s desire was not to allow Siddharta Gautama to perceive the harsher realities of life, which could cause him to renounce the world. However, Siddhartha perceived those four sights, and eventually, at 29 years of age, he left the palace, his own wife (Yasodhara), and a child (Rahul) to seek his own path. In Gautama’s life story Rahul his son reappears as one of the early monks and his second wife Yasodhara as one of his first Bhikhunni (nun). 

Siddhartha after leaving the palace in his initial learning stage went to learn from two Jain teachers, Udraka Ramaputra and Arada Kalama. Siddhartha attained the highest samadhis under their guidance but was unsatisfied with their method. He thought he had not overcome suffering, which was the main reason why he renounced his palace and its comfort. 

Later he joined a group of ascetics in Banaras/Varanasi subjecting himself to several years of austerity. He subjected himself to the greatest of penance, by taking only one grain of rice per day. He almost died during these ascetic practices. He eventually realized that such harsh methods of penance and asceticism would not yield enlightenment. He renounces them, determined to follow his own understanding of the path that he had learned from several Buddhas in his past lives. 

His illumination, the “Buddhahood”!

Thinking it is better to follow the path that he had learned from previous Buddhas, he moved on and decided to meditate, that too alone, under a Pipal tree in Bodhgaya until he would achieve enlightenment. In the night of Enlightenment, he discovers the ancient path of the Buddhas; he dwells into forward and reverse the twelve links of dependent origination. 

He eventually attains three knowledge: he remembers all his previous lives; he attains the divine eye to see the arising and passing of sentient beings and succeeds in completely eradicating all his afflictions, Finally he succeeded in achieving his goal to find the most basic truths of human life, which he encapsulates within “Four Noble’s Truth”. From that moment onward, he is known as the Buddha, the awakened one, who has realized the ultimate truth of our existence. 

The Buddhist traditions do suggest that he experienced terrible interference or struggle before and after his enlightenment. These four interferences are called maras and are numbered as four: his own afflictions, the death, the aggregates, and a god called Devaputra-mara. It was the latter, the Devaputra-Mara, who summoned up all his mighty power to prevent Buddha’s enlightenment; Even after his enlightenment, the same Devaputra-Mara tried to prevent the Buddha from spreading his knowledge among people in general. 

His First Discourse at Banaras! 

The awakened one, the Buddha, initially thinks of not teaching the newly discovered truth to the world, as it would be difficult for people to grasp it. However, upon the request of Samhapati Brahma, he decides to teach the Dharma (Dhamma) for the good of many so that they could overcome suffering or dukkha. The Buddha discovered that it is “The Attachment”, which is the main cause of all human suffering. The cause of this attachment is due to perceiving the five aggregates as “self”. Once he returned back to Vanaras, he again met the five ascetics with whom he had parted company earlier due to his dissatisfaction with their harsh ascetic practices. And, he preached the first teaching known as “turning the wheel of law” to these five persons. Now, Siddhartha Gautam indeed was a “wheel turner” as told at his birth but not as the type his father had wanted or envisioned him to be. He died in Kushinagar at the age of 80 around 463 BCE. For almost forty-five years he turned the greatest of all the wheels of the Dharma.  

The Four Noble Truths! 

Buddha’s Teachings. Enlightenment can also be meant as grasping the fundamental realities/ truth which can be summed up as Four Noble Truths. 

• There is a truth of suffering.
• There is a cause of suffering.
• Anything that has cause has cessation once the cause is removed.
• There is a path that can remove the cause of suffering. 

Eightfold Noble’s Path! 

The eight elements in the classical Buddhist formulation for a modest style of living a human life is the Eightfold Noble’s Path. These eight elements for such a life (modest life are divided into three larger categories: i) ethics ii) concentration and, iii) wisdom. This Eight-Fold Path can be further elaborated as follows: The wisdom has two parts, the right view, and right intent. The concentration has three parts: right effort, right mindfulness, and right concentration.  Ethics too has three parts: right speech, right action, and right livelihood.   Buddha Jayanti and His Teachings  

The most important of all is the wisdom part. It is mentioned in several Buddhist scriptures that all the other limbs are directed by wisdom, as it is likened to an eye. The right view offers a direction to the whole system. It is mainly having the right type of knowledge of reality, without any error. In brief, seeing the dharma-s or all phenomena as impermanent, suffering, no-self, and empty of self-nature is the essence of the right view.  Right Intent has again three parts: the intent to renounce the world; the intent to not cause suffering and the intent to not harm. The last two are also defined as loving-kindness and compassion. Buddha’s Teachings

One more intention is added in Mahayana, i.e., the aspiration of Bodhicitta, the intention to achieve the Buddhahood to help all the sentient beings. 

As for the ethics, it is mainly related with/to how we behave and conduct with other sentient beings. Hence, we are required to have the right type of speech. That is to say, we are not supposed to lie, say divisive words, not use harsh words, and not engage in useless small talk. Right effort is related with those activities and action we do that is beneficial to both ourselves and others. The right livelihood is about avoiding wrong types of livelihood that harm sentient beings such as not selling poison, weapons, not trading sentient beings, intoxicants, and meat. Buddha’s Teachings

Right Concentration, the third category is also further divided into three parts, as mentioned earlier. First comes the right vyaayaama means putting the right type of exercise to deal with the thoughts. It is mainly increasing the wholesome thoughts and removing unwholesome thoughts from the mind. Buddha’s Teachings

The right mindfulness is to practice the four stations of mindfulness, that is to say, the mindfulness of body, sensation, the mind, and the phenomena.  It is well defined in the suttas such as the Sattipatthaana Sutta. The right samadhi or absorption is about practicing Samatha meditation. It is about entering into four main samadhis, which are also called ‘dhyaanas” or “Samaapatti-s”. Buddha’s Teachings

  From the above explanation of the eightfold path, we can surely say with confidence that Buddha being a true hardheaded realistic person, of course, did not send his followers in a wild goose chase, did he? He did not. He suggested a method to achieve a balance in everyday life experience and this teaching of balanced approach is known as the “middle path”. It is called the middle path (Madhya-marg) as it aims for balance, propriety, and equanimity. Consume as per your hunger. Use whatever is necessary for a very modest life as a normal human being. If you eat too much, more than your body needs, you surely will have an upset stomach. Isn’t that so? Therefore, follow the middle path and be happy. 

Bhavatu Sarva Mangalam!!!

Buddha’s Teachings.

This extensive article has been prepared with much-needed help from the friendly hands of Mr. Bibek Sharma.

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Himalayan Yoga Academy

Education & research foundation, gautam buddha.

16 Jul 2021 HYN Himalayan Yoga Academy

Gautam Buddha (Light of Asia) was born in Kapilvastu Lumbini ( Nepal ) in 563 BC as the prince Siddhartha Gautam.He showed the whole world the path of peace and non-violence . Gautam Buddha has laid the foundation of Buddhism . When Gautam was born, there was the general prediction which said ,` The baby would become a  great king , teacher or a great saint . Gautam Buddha was very kind since childhood . As a prince ,he was brought up in a palace with all the comforts and luxuries possible though he realized that these things could not provide lasting happiness or protection form sufferings so , he always worried about cause of this suffering and its solution. His father tried his best to keep his young son away from the miseries of the world. When Siddhartha was 16,his father arranged his marriage with Yasodhara. After marriage ,they had a son named Rahul. Even this did not make him happy .

Suddenly,at age 29,he was confronted with the impermance and suffering . On a rare outing from his luxurious palace,he saw somebody desperately sick . The next day ,he saw a decrepit old man, and finally  a dead person . He was very sad that sickness, ageing, and death will come to everyone he cared . Gautam wanted to find the truth and ultimate knowledge. the next,morning the prince walked path the meditator  who sat in deep absorption . He realized that the perfection he had been seeking outside must be within the mind  itself . Meeting that man gave the future Buddha ,a first and enticing taste of mind, true and lasting refuge ,which he knew he had to experience himself for the good of all .

Siddhartha left his palace and family to lead an ascetic life . He thought living the life of self-denial will provide him with the answers he was looking for. He travelled around looking for teachers to discover the reality of  life and nature. But their teaching did not satisfy him so he set his own path.

Finally, at a place called Bodhgaya, the future Buddha decided to remain in meditation until he  knew mind`s true nature and could benefit all beings. Siddhartha was calmed and relaxed .As he sat ,his concentration depend and wisdom grew brighter .He looked deeply into himself and began to examine true nature of life . He discovered we born, live , and die  not one time. He saw that death is only the separation of the mind from its body. After death ,the importance of karma is central to the  next journey . It was then he got pure enlighten. And at the moment of enlightenment ,Siddhartha Gautam became a Buddha which means –“Awakened one “ or “The enlightened one “. He gained complete insight into the cause of suffering and the steps necessary to eliminate it . He called these steps the “Four Noble Truths” .He understood the miseries of the life and death. The  search of six long years has ended .It was a day when  the full moon shone, casting a bright silver light  on the  whole countryside ,a day in the month of Baisakhi (May). Then, he decided to  share his knowledge  with the world . Throughout his life ,Buddha encouraged his students to question his teachings and confirm them through their own experience.

• He taught the world non-violence .
• He also told the people that desires of man were the root cause of all the  troubles .
• In his serman he focused on Four Noble Truths –suffering, cause of suffering ,state of mind free from suffering and way to end suffering .
• He gave the message of truth ,peace ,humanity and equality .

When Gautam Buddha passed away in 483 BCE (aged 80) ,his followers began to organize a religious moments. Buddha `s teaching became the foundation for which later on developed into Buddhism.

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The Sanskrit Buddhist Literature of Nepal

The efforts that the author has put in to bring nepalese buddhism to light must be appreciated..

Gautam Buddha,also known as the Shakyamuni , was born in the Western foothill of Nepal 563 before the beginning of the Christian era. Even though there is some dispute as to the exact year on which Gautam Buddha was born, his birth place, Lumbini, is already an established fact. Buddha founded Buddhism – which is one of the great indigenous religions of the South Asian sub-continent.

The accounts of Buddha’s life, discourses, and monastic rules are available in different languages. They are believed to have been written after his death and memorized by his followers. Various collections of teachings attributed to Buddha were passed down by oral tradition, and first committed to writing about 400 years later. They were written in Sanskrit as well.

There are enormous amount of Buddhist literature in Nepal. Some of them were composed in Sanskrit at different points of time. There must have been many such literatures in India as well. But they disappeared after the Muslim conquests inthe twelfth century. Right after the Buddha’s  Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Maha-sutra (also called the Nirvana Sutra ) , which mentions some of the well-known episodes of the final months of the Buddha’s life, different such literatures came to be written or compiled in Nepal and India continuing up to the 12th century AD.

Out of this vast literature, comprising several thousand texts, only a portion was translated into Tibetan between the 7th and 15th centuries and into Chinese between the 2nd and 11th centuries. Of later composition in Nepal are various Parajika texts, demonstrating what is known as a Hindu-Buddhist syncretism in the country. Some large compositions such as the Avadanasataka and Mahavastu also repeat materials familiar from Indic sources. Svayambhu-purana , Bhadrakalpavadana , Vicitrakarn ikkvadana , and the Gunakaran ḍ avyuha are just a few examples. The Svayambhu-purana in particular describes the Buddhist mythology of Nepal.

Rajendralala Mitra’s The Sanskrit Buddhist Literature of Nepal (Calcutta: The Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1882) is one of the major works on Nepalese Buddhism. Mitra was the first modern Indian Indologist, who also served as librarian of the Calcutta based Asiatic Society for many years. His work was based on the Sanskrit Buddhist manuscripts that were discovered and collected in Nepal by Brian Hodgson [1800-1894], the British resident in Kathmandu, making the literature known to the modern world for the first time. The Europeans of that time had no knowledge of these Nepalese literatures. It is thus natural that his discovery of these literatures “entirely revolutionized the history of Buddhism.” Mitra is not sure how many such documents were discovered by Brian Hodgson. They may go up to two hundred if carefully arranged and indexed. However, he reveals that “copies of these works to the total number of 381 bundles [were] distributed so as to render them accessible to European scholars.”

The book starts with extracts of Buddhist literature named Abhidhanottara and ends with Vratavadanamala . It also shows the manuscript (MSS) number, according to which they are arranged in the Asiatic Society’s Library. Asoka Avadana gives the account of the early life of King Asoka Maurya (304–232 BCE) who is said to have visited Lumbini. It also talks about his conversion to Buddhism, and tales and anecdotes related to him by a Yati named Upa Gupta, with a view to illustrate the morality of the Buddhism. Similarly, the Dvavinsha Avadana is a collection of twenty-two stories illustrating the merits of devotion to Buddhism and to the duties enjoined by it.

In one of the stories given, “a troop of Brahmans, having made their obeisance to Buddha, expressed their desire to enter Pra-vrajya or itinerancy. Instantly all were, by miracle, shaved and their clothes transformed into rags, except one who remained as he was. The Lord said, the cause of this exception was, that the person was full of Brahmanic pride. On his solicitations, the Lord changed his clothes into rags, but these rags were all dirty. Being asked the cause of this, the Lord said, ‘that Brahman, in one of his former existence, did not make his obeisance to Buddha Padmottara , disdaining to bow to a Sraman a.” In Ganapati Hridaya , another piece, there are mantras in praise of Ganapati, “the proof it affords of the Buddhists having adopted the adoration of Ganesha, a purely Hindu deity.” In Divyavadana-Mala , there is a story of Rupavati or Rupavatyavadana . “Once when the Lord was at the Jetavana monastery his disciples remarked, how wonderful it was that beggars should be the most favoured of all persons to the Lord. The Lord replied, it was even so in his former existences.”

Nobody can underscore the importance of these literatures. Hodgson not only discovered them, but also explained about their importance. Mitra notes: “To reproduce them in their entirety would require not one, but many, volumes, and I had therefore to satisfy myself with their bare outlines- their skeletons- omitting all flesh and blood which give them their vividness and interest for the faithful. But reduced and attenuated as they are in the following pages, they will, I believe, prove useful in elucidating Buddhist traditions and sculpture, and in conveying a fair idea of the nature and contents of the newly discovered literature.”

In the preface of his book, Mitra explains the objective behind producing this work: “The total number of MSS, presented by Mr Hodgson to the Asiatic Society of Bengal was 86 bundles, including 170 separate works on various subjects. They vary in extent from a few slokas to a hundred and twenty thousand stanzas. The great bulk of the works refers to the history, philosophy, morality, and rituals of the religion of Buddha; a few are devoted to miscellaneous subjects. To classify them according to the scheme of the Nepalese Buddhists as described by Mr Hodgson in his essays, I find, is impracticable.”

As to the Sanskrit manuscripts, their age and authority, some are new and some are very old. Nevertheless, each of the literature which has been described is of historical importance. In principle, Buddha's teachings deny the authority of the Vedas. Buddhism is generally viewed as a nastika (“it is not so”) school of Hinduism. However, Hindus view Buddha as an incarnation of Vishnu. This view is based on many Hindu texts including Bhagavata Purana , Bhavishya Purana and Narasimha Purana . The Buddhist Dasharatha Jataka (Jataka Atthakatha) represents Lord Rama as a previous incarnation of the Buddha and as a Bodhisattva and supreme Dharma King of great wisdom. The Buddhist stories included in the book of Mitra resemble the Hindu Puranas in both their content and style. They eulogize the Buddha the way Hindu Puranas eulogize various deities, primarily the divine Trimurti God through divine stories.

Rajendralala Mitra has done a great job. He is also the author of a book which claimed in 1872 that in ancient times Hindu people ate beef. This made him quite a controversial figure. But the efforts that the author has put in to bring Nepalese Buddhism to light must be appreciated.

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Buddha Story In Nepali | Gautam Buddha Biography Nepali

• May 7, 2019
• LifeStyle / literature

Table of Contents

The Life Of Gautam Buddha Begins In a place called Kapilbasthu Lumbini (Nepal) In the year 624 BC. He was born as a prince to King Suddhodana and Queen Mahamaya. Although born a prince, he realized that conditioned experiences could not provide lasting happiness or protection from suffering So, he set out to find his own path to find the truth about Life. Click Here For  full Gautam Buddha story In English

Also Read: Gautam Buddha Quotes In Nepali

Gautam Buddha Story In Nepali | Buddha Biography Nepali

गौतम बुद्ध को जीवन आज भन्दा २६०० बर्ष पहिले लुम्बिनी मा राजा सुद्धोधन र रानी महमाहेक सुपुत्र रुपमा राजकुमार सिद्धार्थको जन्म सँगइ सुरु भयो । सिद्धार्थ राज परिवर म जन्मिएका भए पनि उन ले सानै उमेर मा दरबार बाहिर भ्रम्र्ण गर्दा शारिरिक तत्वो ले कहिले पूर्ण सुख र दुख बाट पार गराउन सक्देइन भन्ने कुरा बुझे । तेसैले सुख खोजी का लागी दरबार को सुख त्यग गरी दरबार छाडेर हिडे । सत्यको खोजी गर्ने क्रम्मा उनि बोध गया भन्ने ठाउँमा पुगे र तेही रुख मुनी ध्यान गरेर बस्न थले ।

सिद्धार्थ को दिमाग शान्त र आनन्दित भयो । जती जती उनि ध्यान गर्देइ गए, त्यती त्यती उन को ध्यान र बिबेक बद्डेइ गयो । षन्त र स्वोक्छ मनस्थितिमा उन ले जीवन को सत्य खोजी गर्न थले । “जीवन मा दुख को कारण के हो ?”, ” कुन बातो बत्त हामी सदा सुख प्रप्त गर्न सक्छौ ?”, भनेए आफु ले आफैलाई सोधे । उन ले आफ्नो अन्तरआत्म, आफु भन्दा टाढा र आफ्नो देश्, बिश्व भन्दा टाढा सत्यलाई हेरे । त्यएस पस्चात , सुर्य, ग्रह्, तरहरु र बिश्वो म रहेका अन्य सबै बस्तु उन को ध्यान म आउन थले । एन ले साना कर्न देखी बिश्व मा रहेक थुला तर सबै आफ्नै अवस्था म घुमिरहेका थिए । सबै बढ्ने परिवर्तन हुने, नास हुने, पुर्न सुरुवात हुने, बढ्ने क्रम सबै देखे । सबै बस्तु परिवर्तन शिल थिए ।

जे हुन्छ त्यस को केहि कारण र परीनाम हुन्छ । एक कुराको हुनु अर्को कुरा सँग सम्ब्न्न्धित हुन्छ र त्यस्को हुनुले फेरी पृथिवी म भएक अन्य कुरा म प्रभाव गर्दछ ।

“Nothin happens without a cause, Every cause have effect on everything else.”

जति- जती उनि ध्यान गर्देइ गए, सत्य पत्ता लगाउँन दत्त चित्त भएर लागे । उन ले गहिरो सत्य आफु भित्रै रहेको कुरा पत्त लगाए । उन ले आफुबाट नै जीवन त जन्म, र मृतु को चक्र हो भन्ने कुरा बुझे र यो संसार म भएको गरेको बस्तुको जीवन चक्र नै एही हो भन्ने बुझे ।

“We are born, we live and we die not one time but again and again.”

उन ले जीवन्को अन्त अर्थत मृतु त केबल शरिरिक शरिर बाटको छुट्करा मात्र हो, हाम्रो आत्मा त सध अमर रहन्छ भन्ने कुरको सार बुझे । जब एक जीवन सकिन्छ अर्को जीवन को शुरुवात हुन्छ , एसेरी जीवन्- मरण को प्रकृया चली रहन्छ । कहिले हामी धनी हुन्चौ त कहिले गरीब , कहिले सुखी हुन्चौ त कहिले दुखी । जीवन यसरी नै परिवर्तन शिल रहन्छ । बेला बखत मा सुख को भोग गरेत पनि धेरै जसो अवस्थामा हामी समस्या मा अल्झी रहेका हुन्छउ । हाम्रो अवस्था को परिवर्तन सँगइ हाम्रो सम्ब्न्ध पनि परिवर्तन भैरहेको हुन्छ । हामी कुनै न कुनै जन्म मा कसै न कसैको आफ्न्त , साथि, आमा, बुवा, भएक छौ । उन ले पुन्: जन्म र आत्मको अस्तित्वो रहने कुरा पनि गरेका छन ।

संसारमा रहेक जीवन हरुम हेर्दा उन ले जिवित प्रणिहरुले आफ्नो जीवन म आफैले समस्या खडा गरेको देखे । मान्छेहरु आफ्नो वरिपरी भएको परिवर्तन भुज्न र देख्न चाहदेइन थिए । उनिहरु झुतो बोल्ने चोरी गरी आफ्नो स्वर्थ पुर्ती गर्न एक्- अर्का लाई मार्न समेत पछडी नहट्ने जस्ता अशान्त काम हरु गरिरहन्छन जुन कुराले कहिल्लेइ साचो सुख प्रप्त हुदेइन| उनिहरुले खोजेको सुख भौतिक बस्तु हरु बाट प्रप्त हुन सक्देइन । जती लोभ , मोह हुन्छ त्य्त्ती नै दुख प्रप्त गर्छन , आफुलाई हानी हुन्छ । जती आफुलाई हानी हुन्छ त्यती त्यो काम को कारणले एक्- अर्का लाई हानी हुन पुग्छ । हरेक हानिकारक कुरा ले आर्को हानी निम्ताउछ र दुख बृद्धी हुन्छ । उनिहरु सुख को खोजी गर्दा गर्देइ पनि सुख कहिल्लेइ प्रप्त गर्न सक्देइनन , पाउछन त केबल दुख ।

अन्त्य मा सिद्धार्थ ले सबै दुख को हल निकले उन मा एक प्रकार को चमक र ज्योती छाएको थियो । उनि अब साधारण ब्य्क्ती थिएनन । उन को मुहर मा शान्त र मन्द मुस्कान छाएको थियो । भनिन्छ मध्य दिउसो को चारको घाम मा सिद्धार्थले आकश मा हेरे आनी बिहानि को तार देखे । उनि मा आनौठो आभास भयो, सारा जगात लाई भुज्न सक्ने भए उनि । उन ले आफ्नो आत्मा पुरा शृस्टि, घ्र्ह्, बोश्व्, संसार सम्पूर्ण देखे । संसार को अस्तित्व बुझे, हामी यो संसारमा हुनुको कारण र कस ले हामी लाई बनयो आदी सबै कुरा बुझे ।

अन्तत उन ले बुद्द्त्त प्रप्त गरे, उन ले प्रप्त गरेको ज्ञान र कर्म का सिद्धान्त नै बुद्द्त्त हो । एही ज्ञान नै पछी गएर बुद्ध धर्मको रुप मा प्रचलन मा आयो । यसरी उनि सिद्धार्थ बाट सिद्धार्थ गौतम हुन पुगे । र बुद्ध , ज्ञानी , अध्यत्मिक र सत्यबढी भए । ६ बर्ष पहिले देखी को खोज को अन्त्य भयो । यो दिन पुर्णिमा को रात थियो जुन दिन उन ले बुद्द्त्त प्रप्त गरे । चन्द्रमा को चम्किलो ज्योती ले पुरै गाउ लाई ढकेको थियो , त्यस बैशाख पुर्णिमको दिन ।

यही दिन लाई पुन स्मरण गर्देइ हरेक बर्ष बैशाख पुर्णिमा को दिन बुद्ध जयन्ती मनाइन्छ ।

बुद्धका ८ सिद्धन्तहरु | 8  principles of gautam Buddha

Right View – As per Buddhism death is not the end. Your view on anything will have consequences after death also. So always have a right view. Right, Resolve – Sacrificing your family and home and accepting the life of a religious mendicant, will lead to a peaceful life with no ill-will, hatred, jealousy, cruelty, etc. Right Speech – Gautama Buddha believed right speech is a necessity of life. Always speak the truth. Never speak rudely. Be polite always. Right, Conduct – Right conduct implies no killing or harming anybody, no cheating, and no sexual acts. Right Livelihood – Only use what is needed. Never waste anything. Try to donate everything you don’t need. Right Effort – control against sensual thoughts, doubts, drowsiness, restlessness and ill will of any kind. Right Mindfulness – This implies never to be absent-minded and always conscious about what you are doing. Right Samadhi  -This implies practicing four stages of meditation (dhyana) for the unification of mind.

Gautam Buddha Story In English

The Life Of Gautam Buddha Begins In a place called Kapilbasthu Lumbini (Nepal) In the year 624 BC. He was born as a prince to King Suddhodhana and Queen Mahamaya. At the age of sixteen after finishing his education he married princess Yasodara. His Father King Suddhodhana  Handed his kingdom to Siddhartha. Siddhartha and Yasodhara Had a baby named Rahula.

Suddenly, at age 29, he was confronted with suffering. On a rare outing from his luxurious palace, he saw someone desperately sick. The next day, he saw a decrepit old man, and finally a dead person. He was very sad that sickness, aging, and death will come to everyone he cared.

The next morning the prince walked past a meditator who sat in deep absorption. When their eyes met and their minds linked, Siddhartha stopped, mesmerized. In a flash, he realized that the perfection he had been seeking outside must be within the mind itself. Meeting that man gave the future Buddha a first and enticing taste of mind, a true and lasting refuge, which he knew he had to experience himself for the good of all.

Siddhartha decided to give up his palace life. He left his kingdom and traveled around looking for teachers to discover the reality of life and nature.

But their teachings didn’t satisfy him so he set out his own path. Six years later he went to Bodhgaya near the Niranjana River and sat under a tree. Siddhartha’s mind was calm and relaxed. As he sat his concentration deepened and his wisdom grew brighter. In this clear and peaceful state of mind, he began to examine the true nature of life. “What is the cause of suffering,” he asked himself, “and what is the path to everlasting joy?” In his mind’s eye he looked far beyond his own country, far beyond his own world.

Soon the sun, planets, the stars out in space and distant galaxies of the universe all appeared to him in his meditation. He saw how everything, from the smallest speck of dust to the largest star, was linked together in a constantly changing pattern: growing, decaying and growing again. Everything was related. Nothing happened without a cause and every cause had an effect on everything else. As he realized this, deeper truths appeared to his mind. He looked deeply into himself and discovered that his life as Siddhartha the Prince was but the latest in a series of lifetimes that had no beginning – and that the same was true of everyone. We are born, live and die not one time, but again and again. He saw that death is only the separation of the mind from its present body. After death, the importance of Karma is central to the next journey.

When one life ends, another begins – and in this way, the wheel of death and birth keeps spinning around and around. He also saw one life to the next we are constantly changing and constantly affecting one another. Sometimes we are rich and comfortable; sometimes we are poor and miserable. Occasionally we experience pleasure, but more often we find ourselves with problems. And Siddhartha also saw that as our conditions change, so do our relations with others. We have all been each other’s friend and enemy, mother and father, son and daughter thousands upon thousands of times in the past. Then he looked at all of the sufferings in the world. And he saw how living beings create their own misery and joy. Blind to the truth that everything is always changing, they lie, steal and even kill to get the things that they want, even though these things can never give them the lasting happiness they desire. And the more their minds fill with greed and hate, the more they harm each other – and themselves! Each harmful action leads them to more and more unhappiness. They are searching for peace yet find nothing but pain. Finally, he discovered the way to end all this suffering. He was filled with radiant clear light. He was no longer an ordinary person. With a calm and peaceful smile, he arose from his meditation. In the golden daybreak, so it is said, Siddhartha looked up and saw the morning star. And then a great understanding came to him. He saw in his mind all the life of the world and the planets; of all the past and all the future. He understood the meaning of existence, of why we are here on this earth and what has created us. At long last he found the truth; he attained enlightenment and established the principles of Karma. Now he was the Lord Buddha, the fully liberated one, awakened and enlightened. The search of six long years had ended. It was a day when the full moon shone, casting a bright silver light on the whole countryside, a day in the month of Vesak (May).

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Essay on Gautam Buddha

An Introduction

Gautam Buddha is popularly called Lord Buddha or The Buddha. He was a great and religious leader of ancient India. He is regarded as the founder of Buddhism, which is one of the most followed religions in the world today.

The followers of Buddha are now called Buddhists which means the enlightened beings, the ones who have rediscovered the path to freedom starting from ignorance, craving to the cycle of rebirth and suffering. Buddha himself propagated it for nearly 45 years.

His teachings are based on his insights of suffering and dissatisfaction ending in a state called Nirvana.

Gautam Buddha is considered to be one of the greatest religious preachers in the world. He was the preacher of peace and harmony. In this Gautam Buddha essay, you will find one long and one short piece about the epic religious guru followed by many. Studying this piece will help you learn who Gautama Buddha was and what made him choose the path of spirituality. The long and short essay on Gautam Buddha will help students of Class 5 and above to write one on their own. These essays are specially designed so that you can have all the needed information about Gautam Buddha. This essay will help you to understand the life of Gautam Buddha in minimum words. Basically in a few words, this essay gives you a brief detail about Buddha.

Gautam Buddha, the messenger of peace, equality, and fraternity, was born in Lumbini in the 6th Century BC, the Terai region of Nepal. His real name was Siddhartha Gautam. He belonged to the royal family of Kapilavastu. His father was Suddhodhana, the ruler. Maya Devi, Gautam’s mother, died soon after giving birth to him. He was a thoughtful child with a broad mind. He was very disciplined and liked to question contemporary concepts to understand and gather more knowledge.

He wanted to devote his life to spirituality and meditation. This was what his father did not like about him. He went against his father’s wishes to find spirituality. His father was worried that someday, Gautam will leave his family to pursue his wishes. For this, Suddhodhana always guarded his son against the harshness surrounding him. He never let his son leave the palace anytime. When he was 18 years of age, Gautam was married to Yashodhara, a princess with magnificent beauty. They had a son named ‘Rahul’. Even though Siddhartha’s family was complete and happy, he did not find peace. His mind always urged him intending to find the truth beyond the walls.

As per the Buddhist manuscripts, when Siddhartha saw an old man, an ailing person, and a corpse, he understood that nothing in this material world is permanent. All the pleasures he enjoyed were temporary and someday, he had to leave them behind. His mind startled from the realization. He left his family, the throne, and the kingdom behind and started roaming in the forests and places aimlessly. All he wanted was to find the real truth and purpose of life. In his journey, he met with scholars and saints but nobody was able to quench his thirst for truth.

He then commenced meditation with the aim to suffer and then realized the ultimate truth sitting under a huge banyan tree after 6 years. It was in Bodh Gaya in Bihar. He turned 35 and was enlightened. His wisdom knew no boundaries. The tree was named Bodhi Vriksha. He was very satisfied with his newly found knowledge and gave his first speech on enlightenment in Sarnath. He found the ultimate truth behind the sorrows and troubles people face in the world. It was all due to their desires and attraction to earthly things.

A couple of centuries after he died, he came to be known as the Buddha which means the enlightened one. All the teachings of Buddha were compiled in the Vinaya. His teachings were passed to the Indo-Aryan community through oral traditions.

In his lecture, he mentioned the Noble Eightfold Path to conquer desires and attain full control. The first 3 paths described how one can gain physical control. The next 2 paths showed us how to achieve the fullest mental control. The last 2 paths were described to help people attain the highest level of intellect. These paths are described as Right Understanding, Right Thought, Right Speech, Right Action, Right Livelihood, Right Effort, Right Mindfulness, and Right Concentration synchronously.

The title “Buddha” was used by several ancient groups and for each group, it had its meaning. The word Buddhism refers to a living being who has got enlightened and just got up from his phase of ignorance. Buddhism believes that there have been Buddhas in the past before Gautam Buddha and there will be Buddhas in the future also. The Buddhists celebrate the life of Gautam Buddha starting from his birth to his enlightenment and passage into Nirvana stage as well.

In his life, Gautam Buddha had done a lot of spiritual things and lived his life by going through so much. Each suffering and each liberation of his has turned into teachings.

Some of them are explained below:

Finding Liberation: the ultimate motive of our soul is to find liberation.

The Noble truth of Life: for salvation, you need to know about all the four Noble truths of your life.

Suffering is not a Joke:   each suffering leads you to experience a new you.

There are noble eightfold paths that you need to follow.

Death is final, the one who has taken birth will die surely and everything in life is impermeable, you are not going to have anything that will be permanent so focus on salvation rather than pleasing others.

He preached that only sacrifice cannot make a person happy and free from all the bonds he has in the world. He also defined the final goal as Nirvana. Even to this day, his preaching finds meaning and can be related to our sorrows. According to his teachings, the right way of thinking, acting, living, concentrating, etc can lead to such a state. He never asked anyone to sacrifice or pray all day to achieve such a state. This is not the way to gain such a mindful state.

He didn’t mention any god or an almighty controlling our fate. His teachings are the best philosophical thoughts one can follow. Gautam Buddha was his new name after gaining Nirvana and knowing the truth. He was sure that no religion can lead to Nirvana. Only the Noble Eightfold Path can be the way to achieve such a state. He breathed last in 483 BC in Kushinagar, now situated in Uttar Pradesh and his life became an inspiration.

Even after being in a happy family with a loving wife and son, he left his royal kingdom in search of the truth. No one was able to satisfy him with knowledge. He then attained his enlightenment under a banyan tree in Bodh Gaya. He described the Noble Eightfold Path that everyone should follow to get rid of sorrow and unhappiness. He died in 483 BC but his preaching is found to be still relevant to this date. This tells us how Siddhartha became Gautam Buddha. It also tells us about his valuable preaching and shows us the way to achieve Nirvana.

FAQs on Essay on Gautam Buddha

1. What made Siddhartha realize pleasures are Temporary?

When he first saw an ailing person, a corpse, and an old man, he realized worldly pleasures are temporary. He realized that all the pleasures that this world is running behind are fake. Nothing will stay forever, even the ones whom you love the most will leave you sooner or later, so you should not run behind these material pleasures. Focus on attaining salvation. Everyone who has taken birth will definitely leave one day, the thing that you have today will not be there tomorrow. There is only one soul for yourself. The body or the material things that you are proud of today will leave you tomorrow. Everything is not going to be the same.

2. What did he do to achieve Knowledge and Peace?

Gautam Buddha was more focused on achieving salvation, he wanted to know the truth of life. He wanted to have knowledge of all the things and peace along with Moksha. To receive knowledge and peace, Gautam Buddha left his home and his family behind. He wandered here and there aimlessly just to find peace in his life. Not only this, he talked with many scholars and saints so that he could receive the knowledge of everything that he was searching for. 

3. What did he Preach?

Gautam Buddha was the preacher of peace. In this essay, we are introduced to the preaching of Gautam Buddha. He has taught all about how to receive salvation and attain Nirvana without following any particular religion. Some of his preachings are :

Have respect for your life.

No lying and respect for honesty.

No sexual misconduct and at least you should respect the people of the same community and respect women as well. 

The path of sufferings, truth of causes; these factors will create a path of salvation for you. You need to believe in the reality of life and then move towards attaining the ultimate.

4. Does Gautam Buddha believe in God?

Buddhists actually don't believe in any dainty figure or God but according to them, there are some supernatural powers present in this universe that can help people or they can even encourage people to move toward enlightenment. Gautam Buddha, on seeing people dying and crying, realized that human life is nothing but suffering and all you need to do is get over this materialistic world and lead your life towards attaining salvation. Nothing is permanent nor even this body, so enlighten yourself towards the path of salvation.

• Reflections
• School Zone

By Anchit Dhungana

“A national hero is one who is dedicated to the wellbeing of his nation and is worth imitating by all,” is what biographer Gopal Parajuli says. His book National Heroes of Nepal well describes the lives of a few national luminaries who contributed a lot to the nation. The book is children-oriented and is capable of making the little readers aware of the national heroes who contributed to the nation. 

The book details out the lives of many national heroes, a suggested by the titles Parajuli has chosen. His titles are: “Janak : The Saintly King”, “Sita : The Great Daughter of Nepal”,  “Gautam Buddha : The Light of Asia”, “Amshuvarma : The Ruler for the People”, “Araniko : The Famous  Architect”, “Shankhadhar Shakhwa”, “Ram Shah : The Just Ruler”,  “Prithvi Narayan Shah : Unifier of the Nation”, “Amarsingh Thapa: The Brave Fighter”, “Balabhadra Kunwar : The Brave Patriot”, “Bhimsen Thapa : The True Patriot”, “Bhanubhakta Acharya : The Pioneer Poet”, “Motiram Bhatta: The Poet in Youth”, “King Tribhuvan : Father of the Nation” and “Pasang Lhamu Sherpa”.

This book outlines theirs contributions and briefly talks about their life. This book is just not a compilation of boring words. It accommodates many cartoon pictures as well, and they make the readers more excited to pick up the book and learn about National Heroes. As there are many incidents that occurred in the lives of the great heroes, reading about them can every reader aware of those kinds incidents. There also are references to many conflicts, which may affect the minds of the young readers. But in any case, this book gives children a brief overview of the talents of such diverse characters. It gives an opportunity for them to learn about the nation as a whole.

In the beginning of the book, there is a biography and contributions of King Janak. The writer has written that Janak was a very holy or virtuous. The second essay describes Gautam Buddha. Hearing his name it fills me with a sense of pride, as I say he was a Nepali as I am. He was a prince of Kapilvastu, but instead of living as a prince, he went for meditation. He was born in Lumbini which has become a famous tourist destination for the world now. He was the one who transmitted peace to the world. 

The third biography contains introduction of King Amshuverma who was the great ruler of Nepal. Similarly, the chapter about Araniko introduces him as a great architect of Nepal. This book has a great history that reflects many genuine issues of Nepal.

Amar Shing Thapa ‘The Brave Fighter’, was a great and brave warrior of Nepal. He was the one who fought for the freedom of the Nepalese people, as described in the  ninth chapter of this book, which details out his bravery. In the seventh chapter the book talks about ‘The Just Ruler’ Ram Shah. He was the king of Gorkha ruling in the seventeenth century. He is remembered for several reforms in the kingdom of Gorkhas he undertook. Prithivi Narayan Shah is the ‘Unifier of the Nation’. His biography forms the 8 th chapter of the book.

Balabhadra Kuwar, Bhimsen Thapa, Bhanubhakta Acharya, Motiram Bhatta, King Tribhuvan and Pasang Lhamu Sherpa are mentioned in detail alongside their contribution like how did they contributed to the country’s interest in different ways. As Bhanubhakta Acharya and Motiram Bhatta contributed in literature, Pasang Lhamu is known as a brave woman who became the  first woman to climb the world’s highest peak, Mount Everest.

So, this book gives much knowledge to the young generation. I also refer this book to you as a good read. Many thanks to Taleju Prakashan, author Gopal Parajuli and translator Toyanath Bhattarai for publishing such an important book.

Grade 9 Kathmandu Pragya Kunja School Kathmandu, Nepal

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Lumbini, Nepal: The Birthplace of Buddha and the Powerful Place of Pilgrimage in the World

• First Online: 21 May 2022

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• Padma C. Poudel 15  

Part of the book series: Advances in 21st Century Human Settlements ((ACHS))

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Pilgrimage places link human to the invisible forces and transform matter into spirit, human into divine in a space and time continuum. Special sacred places of most of the religions (Christianity, Islam, Hinduism and Buddhism) are powerful places in pulling the faith into spiritual movement. Such powerful places are the centre of convergence from diverse religio-societal base. All around the world, in different religion, various forms of powerful places such as Jerusalem, Rome, Mecca, Pashupatinath, Mansarovar, Kailash, Kashi and Lumbini are in existence. Connection of places with the important figures and events related to religion has acted as an amplifier to increase the power and the sentimental attachment of the pilgrims to those places. Being the birthplace and also Buddhas’ advice to his disciples to visit four places—of his birth, attainment of enlightenment, his first sermon and his Parinirvana, Lumbini, Nepal has attained power of the place and the status of grand pilgrimage, for Buddhist population of the world. Similarly, other places connected with Buddha’s life have been the focal points of visit to them and others who are peace lovers. The entire circuit of Buddhist pilgrimage sites needs to be developed accordingly. Both Nepal and India should develop policy and plan to use this type of touristic resources collectively and sustainably. This article attempts to discuss how Lumbini is a powerful pilgrimage place in the world.

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Poudel, P.C. (2022). Lumbini, Nepal: The Birthplace of Buddha and the Powerful Place of Pilgrimage in the World. In: Singh, R.S., Dahiya, B., Singh, A.K., Poudel, P.C. (eds) Practising Cultural Geographies. Advances in 21st Century Human Settlements. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6415-1_16

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  राष्ट्रपतिको कार्यालय   Office of the President of Nepal

Office of the President of Nepal

The Right Honourable President’s Message on the occasion of the 2565th Buddha Jayanti

Posted on May 26, 2021 May 28, 2021 Author राष्ट्रपतिको कार्यालय

Message on the occasion of the 2565 th Buddha Jayanti

On the occasion of the 2565 th birth anniversary of Gautam Buddha, the propounder of Buddhist philosophy, the pride of the nation and the pioneer of the world peace, I would like to express my heartfelt best wishes for happiness, peace and prosperity to all Nepali Buddhist brothers and sisters practicing peace and non-violence at home and abroad.

As the three coincidences -the birth, the enlightenment and the death- of Gautam Buddha fall on the full moon day in May (Purnima of Baishakh Shukla Paksha), the Buddhists all over the world celebrate the day as auspicious one to express their devotion to Gautam Buddha.

It is a matter of pride for all of us that Nepal is the birthplace of the great Gautam Buddha, who is highly revered as the light of peace by the world. Buddha Jayanti should be taken as an opportunity to vow to move forward on the path of progress by taking inspiration from our ancient civilization and rich history. I believe that if we can imbibe the teachings and guidelines of the apostle of peace, Gautam Buddha, we will be able to consolidate our national unity and help promote world peace by enhancing the spirit of mutual goodwill, tolerance and brotherhood among cultural and social diversity.

The government of Nepal has issued prohibitory orders in different cities and districts to control the rising infection rate of the universal pandemic COVID-19. Therefore, I would like to appeal to all to celebrate Buddha Jayanti safely by following to the standards of public health and the rules of prohibitory orders issued by the government.

Finally, hoping that the world will get rid of the COVID-19 pandemic soon, I wish that may this occasion of Buddha Jaayanti inspire all of us to further strengthen our national unity

Wednesday May 26, 2021

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